280 WILLIS : MORPHOLOGY OF THE PODOSTBMACBÆ 
from Blanford’s ‘‘ Climates and Weathers of India, Ceylon, 
and Burma,” 1889) will illustrate this : — 
Month. 
Ootacamund. 
Merkara. 
Mahabaleshwar. 
Lanauli. 
Darjiling. 
Cherrapunji. | 
Shillong. 
Moulmein. | 
January 
0-5 
0-3 
0*4 
0*1 
0*7 
0*6 
0*4 
— 
February 
0*2 
OT 
0*1 
0*1 
1*3 
2*6 
0*8 
0*1 
March 
1-2 
IT 
0*4 
0*1 
1*7 
9*0 
2*0 
0*1 
April 
3-9 
2-2 
0-9 
OT 
5*3 
29*6 
3*7 
3*0 
May 
6-2 
6T 
1*4 
0*6 
7*7 
50*0 
10*0 
19*7 
J une 
6*0 
25-8 
47*3 
28*1 
28*4 
110*0 
17*0 
38*4 
July 
5-6 
42T 
102*1 
65*3 
28*5 
120*5 
14*0 
43*9 
August 
4-2 
25-7 
68*6 
40*4 
28*5 
78*9 
14*4 
43*0 
September ... 
3-7 
12-3 
32*9 
23*8 
16-9 
57*1 
154 
30*3 
October 
9*8 
8-0 
5*8 
4*8 
7*5 
13*6 
6*2 
8*4 
November ... 
2-9 
2-6 
1*1 
0*4 
0*1 
1*8 
1*0 
1*5 
December ... 
1-6 
0-6 
0*4 
0*2 
0*5 
0*3 
0*4 
0*1 
Total ... 
45-8 
126*8 
261*4 
164*0 
127*1 
474*0 
85*3 
188*5 
Thus, in the Nilgiris the vegetative season is not much 
shorter than in Ceylon, in the Merkara Ghats it is practically 
over in November, and in the Bombay Ghats (Lanauli) in 
October. In comparing these figures, the proportions rather 
than the total fall should of course be taken. Thus, the 
Bombay streams fall greatly in October, though the total 
rainfall is still considerable. The Assam and Burma 
districts have a rather longer wet season than Bombay. 
The rivers in the higher levels of the Western Ghats of the 
Bombay Presidency are represented in December, the period 
at which I saw them, by long dry torrent beds, filled with 
immense numbers of boulders and stones of all sizes, but 
with occasional, usually steeper, stretches of firm rock. On 
the latter, but not on the loose stones, however large, unless 
firmly wedged in some immovable position, Podostemaceæ, 
and especially Lawia, abound in the districts I examined. 
During the rains, as may be imagined from the rainfall 
tables, these streams are large and violent, but by December 
