OF CEYLON AND INDIA. 
457 
branching’ and spreading upon the rock (Mundakaj’^am), x 3|. 9 Portion 
of thallus with peg hapteron developing, and first appearance of secondary 
shoot (s.s.) near top of hapteron (do.), x 3J. 10 Base of a full-grown 
secondary shoot, with large haptera (A.) on rock, x 3J (do.). 11 Optical 
section of apex of ramulus, showing development of leaves, X 320 
(C. A. B. 2, .517). 12 Stem with two leaves (Z.) and ramulus (rr/.), X 15 
(Anamalai). 13 Tip _of leaf of ramulus, X 400 (C. A. B. 2,517). 14 
Base of same, in optical section, x 400 (do.). 15 Stem, near apex, with 
ramuJi (ra.) and branches of unlimited growth (hr.), x 2 (do.). 16 
Ramulus of Anamalai plaut, X 4|. 17 Transverse section of young 
stem, showing epidermis (rjr'), parenchymatous cortex (^;.c.),and vascular 
strand (v.h.'), x 80 (C. A. B. 2,517). 18 Transverse section of stem lower 
down, showing inner and outer collenchy matous cortex (?. eol., o. col.), 
X 80. 
Plate VIII., Tristicha ramosissima.-^Fig. 1 Transverse section, of 
stem in vascular region, showing inner collenchyma and bundle. In the 
latter the cells, as at g.g.. show a certain tendency to grouping’, x 320. 
2 Shoot from herbarium material (Mundakayam) showing two lateral 
branches with ramuli ; these lateral branches seem to be of very slow 
growth or to have ceased growth at an early period, X IJ. 3 A single 
lateral shoot from the [)receding, X 5. The arrangement of the leaves 
is drawn from poor herbarium material, and is probably incorrect. 4 
Shoot arising on thallus in December, with haptera (A.) forming at base, 
and with minute leaves, X Sh (Mundakayam). 5 Similar shoot in half- 
ripe fruit, with ramuli and hapterous base. On the thallus (ZA.), be- 
sides three other similar shoots, there is arising at æ a very short 
floral shoot, consisting practically only of a cupule with flower, on a 
reduced axis, X 3^^ (0. A. B. 2,517). 6 Flower, x 5 (do.). 7 Cross 
section of pedicel of young flower, x 80, showing epidermis (egj.), 
parenchymatous cortex (gy.c.), central cylinder (st.), and medullary cavity 
(jm.c.). 8 The same in half-ripe fruit, with the outer part of the 
cylinder (Ug.) woody, surrounding the thin-walled vascular tissue (v.t.). 
9 The same in ripe fruit, the parenchymatous cortex fallen away. 
Plate IX., Tristicha ramosissima (figs. 1-3). 1 Transverse section of 
pedicel of flower, showing medullary cavity (m.c.) with vessels (v.), 
phloem-tissue ( 2 )hl.), and lignified tissue (Z(y.). X 600. 2 Floral shoot with 
half -ripe fruit, showing cupular leaves, ramuli, &c., X 4 (Mundakayam). 
3 Cupule, wit 11 flower removed, in section, x 4. 
Lawia zeylanica (figs. 4-14). 4 Seedling just germinated, showing 
cotyledons with indication of plumule between them, sw'ollen hypocotyl, 
and rhizoids fastening it to the rock, x 35. 5 Older seedling, with five 
leaves, X 11. 6 A similar seedling, from behind, X 11 7 A slightly older 
seedling, from above, X 11 8 An older seedling, from the side, showing 
the lateral growth of the thallus and the dimorphism of the leaves, X 11. 
9 The same, from above, X 1 1. 10 A growing point in which the distichy of 
the lateral leaves is unusually well shown, and in w^hich the upper leaves 
look as if together they might represent a third rank, X 4. 11 Tip of a 
thallus showdng the formation of a branch, and the large leaf standing 
centrally in the fork, also the mode in which the lateral leaves overlap. X 6. 
12 Large seedling, showing mode of growth, arrangement of the leaves, 
