458 WILLIS : MORPHOLOGY OF THE PODOSTEMACEÆ 
and mode of branching’, with gradual breaking away of thin tissue between 
branches, X 9, 13 A small plant of L. z. Parlüniana, nat. size. 14 A 
growing point of the same enlarged. 
Plate X., Lawia zeylanica. — Ripe fruiting plants, dry, on pieces of rock, 
taken in the dry season, X 7/15. 1 (left-hand) L. z. Gardneriana, showing- 
short pedicels, fruits, and general amorphous appearance of the thallus as 
seen in most cases at this season. 2 (large stone) The same, an unusually 
good specimen, showing the branching of the thallus and the fan-like apices. 
The margins are covered with cupules, the openings of which can be clearly 
seen, the fruit-stalks having fallen out. 3 (upper right-hand) L. z. lionlictmca^ 
from Kasara, showing the longer pedicels ; the form of the thallus cannot 
be distinguished. 4 (lower right-hand) L. z. malabavica, C. A. Barber, 
S. India Flora, No. 2,525, from Beltangadi, showing pedicels of intermediate 
length. 
Plate XI., Lawia zeylanioa. — 1 Transverse section of thallus (var 
Gardneriana), X 320, showing epidermal layers (e;y.), parenchymatous 
cortex (y.<?.), vascular bundles (r.5.), and silica bodies {s.). 2 Thallus in 
surface view (Gard /I er iana, gathered in December, 1898), showing fan- 
like lobes, with numerous growing points now each forming a cupule, 
arrangement of the leaves along the course of the vascular bundles (r.&.), 
and appearance of the endogenous rosettes (ros.), X 5/3. In the right- 
hand lobe the leaves are omitted and the course of the bundles alone 
indicated. 3 Portion of a leaf in surface view, X 500, shovring silica 
bodies (.?.) and elongated central cells (r.&.). 4 Transverse section of 
leaf, X 210. 5 Vertical longitudinal section of a growing point, x 150, 
showing the meristem (r/.), the upper and lower leaves (u.l., Idd), and the 
coilenchy matous cell-layer on the lower margin (col.). 6 Transverse 
section of thallus, X 20, through the origin of a rosette, showing the new 
meristem (m.) developing;- leaves (1.) ; éy; , the epidermis of the thallus. 
7 The same after emergence of the leaves, X 15. 8 A growing point 
forming by rejuvenescence on the ed'>e of the thallus, x 6. 9 A. 2 -. 
Parkhiiana, a specimen showing the branching and the rosettes, x 8/7. 
Plate XII., Lawia zeylanica Gardneriana. — A museum specimen 
preserved in alcohol, X 5/6. Young plants in vegetative condition, 
gathered in August or September at Hakinda, showing the mode of 
branching, the general form, and the flabelliform apices. Some of the 
large lobes show division by small hedges of leaves (represented by white 
lines) forced upwards by the lobes against one another. 
Plate XIII., Lawia zeylanica. — 1 Apices of var. konkanica, in fruit, 
X IV 2 The same in section to show the shallow cupule. 3 Cupule and 
open flower of var. malaharica (C. A, Barber, No. 2,150), showing the 
stamens closely pressed against the stigmas at anthesis, X 5g. 4 Trans- 
verse section of vascular strand in pedicel of flower, x 600, showing 
parenchymatous cortex (y.c.), lignified tissue (Ug.), and medullary cavity 
(m.c.). 5 Oupule of L. z. Gardneriana^ x 6, before emergence of flower. 
6 Flower of L. z. lionkanica (Igatpuri) emerging under water from 
shallow open cupule, x 5. 7 Fruit of the same, X 5. 8 L. z. Gardneriana. 
longitudinal section of cupule (cuf) and included flower, showing leaves 
(/^.), anthers (anth.). stigmas Gtig.). ovary (g.)^ and perianth (p r.), X 30. 
