462 WILLIS: MORPHOLOGY OF THE PODOSTEMACBÆ 
subn erg-ed plant, in vegetative condition, showing the mode of growth 
and branching, and more or less prostrate leafy secondary shoots on 
margins of thallus. 2 (uppermost) Small plants (2,515) in ripe fruit, 
more or less shrivelled, but showing much variety of form, most often 
more or less discoid and prostrate. 3 (upper right hand) The same, but 
with stalked and scalloped forms. 4 (lower right-hand) Creeping form 
(2,519), with half -ripe fruits on the secondary shoots. 
Plate XXVj., Griffithella Hookeriana, x 2/3.— The arrangement 
of the flgures is — 
1 
4 
7 
10 
2 
5 
8 
11 
3 
6 
9 
12 
1-6, var. Willisiana (C. A. Barber, Xo. 2,515) ; 7-12, var. Bombayensis 
( Atgaon). Illustrating the extraordinary polymorphism of the thallus. 
Some are only in bud, some in ripe fruit. 1 and 4 are similar forms from 
the top of the rock, showing radial symmetry ; the latter is seen from 
below, and has only a very short basal stalk. 2 and 3 are from the sides 
of the rock, and are drawn out on the lower side. 5 and 6 are prostrate 
discoid forms closely attached at all points to the rock. The Atgaon 
forms are very complex in shape ; the foot can be seen in 7, 8, 9, 10. 
No. 9 is seen from below. No. 11 is in fully ripe fruiting condition, and 
the thallus is much whiter than in the rest. 
Plate XXVII. is omitted, see above. 
Plate XXVIII., Willisia selaginoides, Hydrobryurn lichenoides 
Fentonii. — A large stone, over which the water was still flowing to a 
depth of about an inch, from the Sholai Aar, Anamalais, January, 1901, 
X 7/18. This shows particularly well the habit of these two forms. The 
Willisia is in ripe fruit, though the lower parts of the secondary shoots are 
still submerged ; in many cases the fruits appear to be stalked, owing to 
the falling away of the cortical tissues of the stems. The prostrate branch- 
ing habit of the Hydrobryum is easily seen, and the numerous unopened 
floral buds at the angles of the branching {cf. PI. XXXI.). 
Plate XXIX., Willisia selaginoides.—From the same place, speci- 
mens in ripe fruit, X 2/3. These show the 4 -ranked scale leaves and the 
sessile fruits ; in some more or less of the cortical tissues have fallen away, 
leaving the fruits on stalks. 
Plate XXX. — The same. 1 A portion of the crustaceous thallus, 
gathered in January from below the water, with secondary shoots (s.s."), 
showing the mode in which new ones are formed at this season, X SJ. 2 
A small plant from herbarium material collected in October, showing two 
axes of the type I imagine to be primary, one broken off at the middle. 
The leaves of these are long and narrow, like the tips of the leaves of the 
secondary shoots (nat. size, drawn by A. de Alwis). 3 Spathe at top 
of shoot, X 4. 4 Open flower at top of shoot, X 4. 5 Ripe fruit, X 4. 
6 Open fruit, x 4, showing the way in which the valve bends downwards 
after dehiscence, and the double stalk on which the fruit appears to stand 
owing to the fall of the cortical tissues. 7 Transverse section of ripening 
pericarp, showing inner epidermis with its cuticle (i.e., out.), the scleren- 
chyma layers (■'?c/.), and the outer deciduous parenchyma ipar.'), X 600. 
