S.A. NAT., Vol.. 'SPJ. 
46 . The Flora beUveen Outer Harbour , etc, 1932 . 
waterways connecting the Patawalonga with the Port River, b» 
the latter and by the saltmarshes resulting from, tidal overflom] 
The tallest of the sandhills arc near Estcourt House between th*; 
Semaphore and the Grange, the height probably reaching to 
about SO feet. The breadth of the sandhills is only a few hun- 
dred yards. On the sea-front is a sharp rise immediately east- 
ward of the highest tidal limits. This is followed by a shallow 
depression (swale) and then usually by the highest part of tho 
dunes, with a fairly sharp descent on the landward sides, or ibero 
may be three rises altogether and two swales. Tn places the 
sandhills are bare and of shifting dazzling white sand, but for 
the most part, except on the actual seafront, they are covered! 
with a vegetation of their own. 
This vegetation is more or less sand-binding. On the sea- 
ward aspect we have the extensively spreading, creeping and 
rooting branches of the grass Spintfex hirsutus whose large female 
heads of flowers become detached and are readily blown along 
by the wind. Tussocks of the Sword Rush {Lepidosperma glad- 
xatum) are numerous throughout the dunes; tufts of the tall 
Scxrpus nodosuSy often single or a few together, appear in diffuse 
colonies; and Cladmm junceum. also occurs in places. Several 
species of shrubs, more or less prostrate or else bent to one lidc 
by the strong sea breezes, are consp.icuous denizens of the sand- 
hills, but like the rest of the plants, are more or^ less widely 
scattered. The composite Olearia axillaris, with its glaucoui 
hairy narrow leaves and small heads of raylcss flowers, forini 
upright or spreading bushes whose gnarled trunks sonjc inches 
in diameter, indicate that many are of considerable age. Myopo- 
rum insulare usually shows the effects of the prevalent winds by 
being blown over to one side; its branches are distorted and 
gnarled and often some are dead or dying. Scaffvola crassifolia 
with thick serrated leaves and racemes of bright blue flowen 
spreads itself out over an area sometimes of eighteen feet id 
diameter, the shrubs being about two feet high. The tea-tree 
Melaleuca pubescens is occasionally seen, spreading out from the 
effects of the wind so that it is here a low shrub instead of s 
miniature tree. Small shrubs of Acacia longifolia var, Sophorat 
occur between Henley Beach and Glenclg. Leucopogon pann-’ 
florus is a smallish shrub, not very common, with lanceolate itri- 
atc leaves, small white flowers and white edible fruits. _ Unfort- 
unately the introduced African Box-thorn (Lycium ferocisjimum) 
is getting an extensive hold, the seeds being distributed by birdi. 
