XIV 
APPENDIX. 
one above the other. The upper one we ascertained to be one 
thousand nine hundred and ninety-two feet above the sea and the 
lower one thousand and fifty-five t- 
The upper range, upon which is situated the ancient Cyrene, 
declines gradually to the eastward, and unites with the lower one 
near Cape Bujebara. 
W'adys, or ravines. These mountains are frequently broken by deep chasms that 
extend far inland. In them grow vast numbers of pine-trees fit for 
small spars ; but we saw none sufficiently large for topmasts, except 
in Wady Jeraib, far inland. The largest and most remarkable of 
these chasms, or fiumaras, is at Cape Ras Sem ; an abundance of 
firewood will be found a little way up it, and water may be procured 
from a stream in the bed of it, which receives its supply from the 
fountain at Cyrene. 
Between Ras Sem and Ras El Hilal, there are several rocks 
above water close in shore. 
Ras El Hilal. Ras El Hilal, or new moon, so called from a round hill upon the 
range above it, is a rocky projection which extends a mile and a half 
from the foot of the mountains. On the eastern side of the pro- 
montory there is a bay about three-quarters of a mile deep, in which 
vessels may ride with the wind any way from the southward or 
westward. 
Bujebara. From El Hilal to Bujebara, the next promontory eastward, the 
shore is. rocky ; and there is bad landing, except in a small sandy 
nook, two miles west of the latter place. About mid-way between 
these capes at Elthroon, a fine stream of water falls into the sea 
from a deep fiumara. 
From Cape Bujebara to Derna, the same rocky coast continues ; 
but the ravines are fewer, and the mountains somewhat farther 
removed from the coast. 
* This was ascertained from several observations of the depression of the visible 
horizon, corrections for spheroidal figure of the earth, and northern deviation being 
made, and allowed for terrestrial refraction. 
t The height of this range is ascertained trigonometrically. 
