PUPA. 
163 
the aperture, apertura edentula,” and nowhere 
mentions the remarkable broad white margin. 
Mr. Alder, on breaking some of these shells, 
found them to contain (ten or twelve) young shells 
with the first whorl of the shell formed. This would 
lead to the conclusion that the animal is viviparous. 
The same has been observed to be the case with 
several other terrestrial shells, as Bulimus decollatus^ 
Achatina octona^ and some Carocollce^ as (7. hicolor. 
71, 2. Pupa anglica, English Chrysalis Shell. — 
Shell ventricose, shining, bald, fulvous ; whorls 
five ; aperture elongate-lunate, five-toothed ; 
the peristome flattened and reflected ; umbilicus 
cylindrical, (t. 7. f. 82.) 
Vertigo anglica. Ferussac^ Prod. Moll. 64. (no character) ; 
Turton., Man. ed. 1. f. 82. — Pupa tridentalis, Michaud^ 
Compl. 61. t. 15. f. 28. 30. ? — Pupa anglica. Alder Trans. 
N. H. Soc, Newcastle^ i. 33. ; Potiez and Michaud.^ Gall. i. 
195. t. 20. f. 1, 2.; Forbes and Hanley, B. Moll. iv. 99. 
t. 129. f. 6. ; Moq. Tand. Moll. F. ii. 404. t. 28. f. 34. 38. — 
Turbo anglicus. Gray, in Wood. Cat. Supp. t. 6. f. n. — 
Pupa ringens. Jeffreys, Linn. Trans, xvi. 356. 514. (not 
Mich?), 
Inhab. woods, north of England, Northumberland, 
Lancashire. {Fmissac , ) 
Animal dark lead-coloured, white beneath. 
Shell two lines long, and half as much broad, dark 
chocolate-brown with often a greyish cast, especially 
towards the point, opaque, faintly striate longitu- 
dinally ; spire composed of six or seven slightly 
raised volutions ; aperture semielliptic, with a tuber- 
cular projection near the top of the outer lip, and 
five teeth, — two at the base (one of them small and 
