166 
HELICID^. 
tigo secale. Turton^ Man, ed. 1. 101. t. 7. f. 81.— -Clion- 
drus secale. Cuvier^ R. A, iii. 89. ; Hartmann,, 218. n. 20. ; 
Sturm, A.l. t. 4. — Torquilla secale. Studer, Cat. 19. — 
Helix (Cochlodanta) secale. Fer. Prod. 64. n. 488. — Odo- 
stomia juniperi. Flem. E. Ency. vii. 76.-— Turbo cylindrus. 
Hartm. N. Alpina, ii. 212. — Helix cylindrica. Studer, in 
Coxe's Travels. — Jaminia secale. Risso, E. M. iv. 89. — 
Pupa juniperi. Fleming, B. A. 268.; Gray, Man. 197. — 
Granaria secale. Held. Isis, 1837, 918. — Stomodonta secale. 
Mermett, Moll. Pyr. 51. 
Inhab. roots of trees and under stones^ in chalky 
districts^ and cracks in rocks in oolite limestone. 
Animal blackish-brown, warty ; foot slender. 
Shell a quarter of an inch or rather more in length, 
of a greyish-brown colour, opaque, obliquely striate 
longitudinally; spire composed of eight or nine 
rounded volutions ; aperture with seven or eight 
laminar teeth, two on the pillar lip, three on the 
outer lip, including the central one, all of which are 
visible on the back in the appearance of three pale 
bands ; and two on the interrupted part of the peri- 
stome, the outer one of which is more prominent 
and close to the margin, with often a tubercle on its 
outside. 
The shell of the young animal is clothed with an 
earthy covering, like Bulimiis ohscurus. In this state 
it is described by Muller, according to Jeffreys, un^ 
der the name of Helix ventricosa. 
Montagu ( T. B, 340.) truly observes that these 
projections, usually called teeth, are not properly 
denticles or tooth- shaped protuberances, but are fine 
white lamince or ridges running spirally backwards 
in a parallel direction to each other ; those on the 
exterior lip may in most instances be traced through 
the outside of the shell they are in fact foldings 
