IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
31 
new order all social units and aggregations are inter- 
dependent. We are all members of one body. We must 
not ignore the purely psychic factors of social progress, but 
these alone could not maintain the new order apart from 
the physical basis built by science. Were this support 
withdrawn it would seem that over large areas now occu- 
pied by civilization, society must lapse and break into 
fragments, fast degenerating the state of the villages of 
the Russian plain, the scattered communities of the south- 
ern Appalachians, or even the Pueblos of Arizona. 
As we have spoken of the service of science in pro- 
moting the physical well being of society, there remain of 
Professor bidding’s notes of social progress only the evolu- 
tion of rational conduct and the consciousness of kind. 
These phenomena are involved in the evolution of the 
social mind. Here science acts directly, and also by the 
reflex of the social organism. The organic unity of society 
is the ground for the expansion of the consciousness of 
kind. The social ties woven by science help to produce a 
wider social sympathy. Under the regime of science the 
barriers of the mark break down everywhere and are 
transformed into the market, and with their downfall pro- 
vincialism, indifference and hate of once separated peoples 
pass away. Science has created, as we have seen, a new 
physical environment, which reacts constantly on the 
social mind, awakening from torpor, stimulating to greater 
activity, demanding a more alert attention, and a pre- 
cision and swiftness of movement before unknown. 
Still more directly is science creating an intellectual 
milieu whose influence on the social mind is as inescapable 
as is that of climate on the physical life. The world of our 
forefathers, how close its confines, how dark and shadowy, 
how uncertain and untrue, compared with the illimitable 
sphere which science now fills with her clear light. It is 
a universe, not a multiverse, the new world which science 
apperceives. It is a world of law, in which each event has 
adequate cause; the expression of one immanent energy 
operating across all widths of space and throughout all 
lengths of time, without loss or increment, and without 
