184 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
obovate or oblong-obovate, deeply sinuate-lobed or pin- 
natifid, grayish, downy beneath; fruit sessile or short- 
peduncled; cup deep, one-half to quite enclosing the ovoid 
acorn, the scales thick, pointed, the upper subulate tipped, 
giving a fringed border. 
This species is common in rich woods where it reaches 
its maximum development. It, however, persists in small 
groves on the exposed prairie where the trees are often 
little more than shrubs. It is a hardy tree, and gives val- 
uable timber, though not held in so high esteem as the 
white oak. Primeval trees are now infrequent, but many are 
100 to 150 feet high and four to five feet in diameter. The 
settlers drew heavily from this oak for rails, posts, lumber, 
framing timber, and fire wood. The young generation of 
trees would bid fair in time to equal or surpass their pred- 
ecessors were it not that far too many find the ever need- 
ful woodpile an early resting place. 
Specimens before us are from Johnson, Van Buren, 
Decatur, Ringgold, and Fremont counties. We have 
observed the species in Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, 
Dubuque, Scott, Muscatine, Jefferson, Appanoose, Taylor, 
Page, Union, Adams, Montgomery, and Pottawattamie 
counties. The State University herbarium has specimens 
from Emmet, Winnebago, Floyd, Cass, Hancock, Webster, 
Dallas, Delaware, Louisa, Lee, Jasper, Dickinson, Wood- 
bury, and Lyon counties. Professor Fink reports the spe- 
cies from Fayette county; Professor Bessey, from Story 
and Des Moines counties; Professor Pammel, from Hamil- 
ton, Hardin, and Boone counties; Professor Macbride, from 
Humboldt county; Mr. Gow, from Adair county; Mr. J. 
P. Anderson, by note, from Lucas county; and Mr. Mills, 
by letter, from Henry county, a total of forty-three' coun- 
ties. Doubtless there is not a county in the state that has 
not this species. 
White, Geol. Sur. of Iowa, Yol. 1, p. 188; Bessey, Contr. 
to the Flora of Iowa, p. 119; Arthur, Contr. to the Flora 
of Iowa, p. 29; Hitchcock, Trans. St. Louis Acad, of Sci- 
ence, Yol. 5, p. 517; Nagel and Haupt, Proc. of the Daven- 
port Acad, of Nat. Sciences, Yol. 1, p. 168; Pammel, Proc. 
