IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
189 
county, a total of thirty-seven counties. In all probability 
the red oak occurs in every county in Iowa. 
Bessey, Contr. to the Flora of Iowa, p. 119; Arthur, 
Oontr. to the Flora of Iowa, p. 29; Hitchcock, Trans. St. 
Louis Acad, of Science, Vol. 5, p. 518; Nagel and Haupt, 
Proc. Davenport Acad, of Nat. Sciences, Vol. 1, p. 168; 
Pammel, Proc. Iowa Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 8, p. 182; Iowa 
Geol. Sur., Vol. 9, p. 240; Vol. 10, p. 818; Fink, Proc. Iowa 
Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 4, p. 101; Fitzpatrick, Proc. Iowa 
Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 5, p. 128 and p. 164; Vol. 6, p. 196; 
Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 8, p. 814; Gow, Proc. Iowa Acad, of 
Sciences, Vol. 6, p. 61; Cameron, Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 8, p. 
198; Macbride, Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 4, p. 119; Vol. 7, p. 
107; Vol. 9, p. 158; Vol. 10., p. 288 and p. 648; Reppert, Iowa 
Geol. Sur., Vol. 9, p. 887; Barnes, Reppert, and Miller, 
Proc. Davenport Acad, of Nat. Sciences, Vol. 8, p. 256; Sar- 
gent, Forest Trees of N. A., p. 148. 
Quercus palustris DuRoi, Harbk., 2:268, PI. 5, f. 4, 1772. 
Pin Oak. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, deeplv pinnatifid, 
sinuses broad and rounded, lobes divergent, remotely 
coarsely toothed; acorn ovoid, one-third immersed; cup 
saucer-shaped, scales triangular ovate, acute or obtuse, 
appressed. 
This species, commonly known as the swamp orpin oak, 
usually occurs in groves on river bottoms, often in swampy 
soil. The grove trees are tall, slender, and but little 
branched. Solitary trees in the open are much branched; 
the branches are long, slender, spreading, horizontal, or 
even drooping. The wood was used somewhat by the early 
settlers for rails, though inferior lor the purpose; also, the 
long, slender trunks, when of proper size, were readily con- 
verted by a skillful woodman with a broad-ax, into framing 
timber for barns and other buildings. When properly sea- 
soned and used for inside material the pin oak does very 
well. For wood or construction, material requiring resist- 
ance to the elements, this species furnishes a poor quality. 
In Iowa the pin oak has a very limited range. Our speci- 
mens are from Muscatine, Lee, Appanoose, and Decatur 
counties. The State University has a specimen from 
