IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
229 
lower bracts ovate with a broad base and a weak prickly recurved 
bristle, slight dorsal gland, inner linear lanceolate with a nearly 
colorless entire appendage; flowers purple, tube of the corolla 
nearly eleven to twelve lines long, lobes of the corolla terminating 
in clavate tips, anther tips acuie, filaments pubescent; bristles of 
pappus plumose; achenium twenty-two lines long, smooth, upper 
part yellow. 
The species is certainly fairly constant and may usually 
be readily separated from typical C. altissimus and C. 
Iowensis. In the character of its head it approaches C. 
Iowensis , but the more numerous segments of the smaller 
leaves separates it from that species. It is certainly 
markedly different from C. altissimus . Frequent along 
roadsides and in timber. 
Distribution. — Ames, Pammel & Combs. No. 68; Fred 
Rolfs. Keokuk, P. H. Rolfs. Johnson County, Oct., 1898, 
T. J. & M. F. L. Fitzpatrick. Muscatine, Iowa, Ferd. Rep- 
pert. Winnebago County, B. Shimek, S. U. I. Skunk 
River Valley, Lee County, Paul Bartsch. Muscatine 
County, Reppert, 485. 
Mr. Reppert reports a white-flowered form along the 
Cedar river. 
REFERENCES TO OCCURRENCE IN IOWA. 
Arthur, Contr. FI. Ia. 1: 20; Barnes, Reppert, and Miller, 
FI. Scott and Muscatine Cos. 284. Hitchcock Cat. Anth, 
and Pterid. Ames, 505. Pammel Notes on the FI. West 
Ia. 125. Weeds of Cornfields. 89: 42. 2f. Halsted Prel. 
List of Iowa Weeds. 42; Fink, Sperm. FI. Fayette Ia. 94; 
Fitzpatrick, FI. S. Ia. 152; Man. FI. PI. Ia. 95. 
CNICUS ALTISSIMUS, Willd. 
Cnicus altissimus, Willd. Sp. 8; 1671. 
-Ellis. Sk. 2:268. 1824. 
Gray. Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 42. 1874. 
Gray. Syn. FI. N. Am. 1 : 404. 1884. 
Watson & Coulter. Gray’s Man. 296. 1890. 
6 Ed. 
Cirsium altissimum, Spreng. Syst. 8: 878. 1826. 
DeCandolle. Prodr. 6: 640. 1887. 
