IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
231 
Pl. 52; Fink, Sperm. FI. Fayette la. 94; Fitzpatrick, FI. 
N. E. la. 121. FI. of S. Ia. 152.— Man. FI. PI. Ia. 95. 
CNICUS IOWENSIS, Pammel n. sp. 
Plants three to four feet high, bearing large heads with purple 
flowers; stem striate, hirsute or nearly glabrous, roughened; leaves, 
the upper lanceolate with prominent spinose teeth shallowly lobed or 
occasionally deeply lobed, the lower lobes prominent, upper sur- 
face rough with a few spreading hairs, lower surface floccose, 
woolly; heads large, one and three fourths to two inches high; invo- 
lucre somewhat arachnoid, outer scale ovate with a weak spread- 
ing bristle, and a prominent glutinous dorsal ridge, the inner long, 
linear lanceolate with an erose appendage; flowers purple, corolla 
tube eleven lines long, lobes with clavate tips, anther tips acute, 
filaments with shaggy hairs, bristles of pappus plumose, achenium 
smooth, upper part yellow, striate, two and one-fourth lines long. 
Type No. 65 (I. S. C. Distr.) Ledges Boone County, Iowa. Pam- 
mel. Type specimens in Herbarium I. S. C. Gray Herbarium and 
Missouri Botanical Garden. Kossuth Co., 606. Pammel. Ontario 
(E. R. Hodson). 
Distribution , Iowa. — Ledges, Boone Co., 65, Pammel and 
Ball (not C. altissimus). Ames, 694, Pammel. Eagle 
Grove, Pammel. Spirit Lake, Little Rock, C. R. Ball. 
Ontario, E. R. Hodson. Kossuth Co., 606 I. S. C., Pammel. 
Emmet Co., R. I. Cratty. Rock Creek Twp., Jasper Co., H. 
W. Norris. Decatur Co., T. J. & M. F. L. Fitzpatrick. 
Atlantic, Wagner, S. U. I. Iowa City, Lindner. Granite, 
Lyons Co., B. Shimek. Council Bluffs, Dubai and 
Cavanagh, S. U. I. Coll. Logan Twp., Calhoun Co., G. B. 
Rigg. Armstrong, Emmet Co., B. Shimek. 
Kansas. — Manhattan, (Coll. ?). 
South Dakota. — Opposite Hawarden, Iowa, Pammel. 
REFERENCE TO OCCURRENCE IN IOWA. 
Hitchcock, Cat. Anth. & Pterid. Ames, 505; under C. altis- 
simus. 
Cnicus Ioivensis variety Cratty ii. Pammel n. v. 
The variety differs from the type in the fact that the leaves are 
usually less deeply cut. The heads are smaller, and the stem, as 
well as the leaves, more or less canescently tomentose. Named in 
honor of R. I. Cratty, who has carefully studied the flora of Iowa 
for many years. 
