238 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
CNICUS LANCEOLATUS, Willd. 
Cnicus lanceolatus , Willd. Prodr. FI. Berol. 259. 1787. 
-. A. Gray. Syn. FI. N. Am. 1 : 898. 1884. 
; . Watson & Coulter. Gray’s Man. 295. 6 Ed. 
1890. 
Cirsium lanceolatum , Scop. FI. Car. 2\ 180. 1770. 2 Ed. 
- — . DeCandolle. Prodr. 6: 686. 1887. 
. Torrey & Gray. FI. N. Am. 2: 456. 1848. 
Gray. Man. 1868. 5 Ed. 
Carduus lanceolatus. Linn. Sp. PI. 821. 1758. 
— . Britton and Brown. Illustr. FI. N. S. 3; 485. 
f. 4058. 1898. 
Branching biennial, three to four feet high, tomentose when 
young, becoming dark green and villous or hirsute with age, 
branchlets bearing large heads; leaves lanceolate, decurrent on 
the stem with prickly wings deeply pinnatifid, the lobes with rigid 
prickly points, upper face roughened with short hairs, lower face 
with a cottony tomentum; heads one and three-quarters to two 
inches high, bracts of the involucre lanceolate, rigid when young, 
more flexible with age, long attenuated prickly pointed spreading 
tips, arachnoid woolly; flowers hermaphrodite, tube of the corolla 
ten lines long, anther tips acute, filaments pubescent, achenes 
smooth one and a half lines long, pappus of numerous plumose 
bristles. 
Distribution , Iowa. — Troublesome weed in pastures and 
along roadsides in all parts of the state, most abundant in 
clearings. Ames, Emma Sirrine, No. 282; Fred Rolfs. 
Glendon, 0. P. Miller. Keokuk, P. H. Rolfs. Des Moines, 
L. H. Pammel. Johnson County, Van Buren County, 
Decatur County, Appanoose County, T. J. & M. F. L. Fitzpat- 
rick. Muscatine Iowa, Ferd. Reppert. Skunk River Valley, 
Lee County, Bartsch. Johnson County, B. Shimek. Ames, 
P. H. Rolfs. Grand Junction, H. Johnson, Guthrie County, 
H. Johnson. 
REFERENCES TO OCCURRENCE IN IOWA. 
Arthur, Contr. FI. Ia. 8; 259; Bessey, Contr. FI. Ia. 109; 
Hitchcock, Cat. Anth. Pterid. Ames, 504; Barnes, Reppert, 
and Miller, FI. Scott and Muscatine Cos. 284; Fink, Sperm, 
of Fayette, Ia. 94; Nagel & Haupt, Phaen. of Davenport, 
