60 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
cross bedding that characterizes the whole formation. Some of 
the larger boulders found at various levels throughout the beds 
were probably not directly transported by currents, but by float- 
ing masses of ice. While, therefore, the gravels lie between 
two sheets of drift, and for that reason may be called intergla- 
cial, probably Aftonian, they yet belong to the time of the 
first ice melting, and are related to the Kansan stage of the 
glacial series as the loess of northeastern Iowa is related to the 
Iowan stage. 
While the Illinois Central gravel pit is the typical exposure 
of the Buchanan gravels, the same beds are found widely dis- 
tributed throughout Buchanan, Linn, Jones, Delaware and prob- 
ably other counties. One exposure that has been utilized for 
the improvement of the county roads occurs on the hilltop a 
mile east of Independence, Another, used for like purposes, is 
found a mile and a half west of Winthrop. The county line 
road northeast of Troy Mills cuts through the same deposit. 
Throughout the region already indicated there are many beds 
of similar gravels, but in general they are so situated as not to 
show their relations to the two beds of drift. 
The Buchanan gravels, it should be remembered, represent 
the coarse residue from a large body of till. The fine silt was 
carried away by the currents and de}.osits of it should be found 
somewhere to the southward. It may possibly be represented, 
in part at least, by the fine loess- like silt that forms a top 
dressing to the plains of Kansan drift in southern Iowa and 
regions farther south. 
RECENT DISCOVERIES OP GLACIAL SCORINGS IN 
SOUTHEASTERN IOWA. 
BY FRANCIS M. FULTZ. 
The discoveries of localities showing glacial scoring in 
southeastern Iowa have been somewhat numerous during the 
last few years. In a paper presented before this body a year 
ago^ I called attention in detail to the diflerent known exposures 
iGlacial Markings in Southeastern Iowa. Proc. la. Acad. Sci., Vol. II, p. 213. Des 
Moines, 1895. 
