148 
IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 
severity of the disease. We should also observe that 
flowers are occasionally affected, but not so severe 
as in 1894. The disease gradually subsided by the 
middle of July and early August. 
B. Sorgld W. A. Kellerman. 
Not severe. It occurred on Andropogon Sorghum var 
Halepense and A. Sorghum (Sorghum). 
B. cloacece (Jordan). 
On Zea mays; not abundant. 
B. campestris Pammel. 
Not observed in 1895. 
SOME ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF THE LEAVES OP 
SPOROBULUS AND PANICUM. 
EMMA STRRINE AND EMMA PAMMEL. 
Numerous writers have called attention to the value of 
anatomical studies for diagnostic purposes in the recognition of 
Phaenogams. We may note in this connection the .paper by 
Pflster^, who has made a comparative study of the leaves of 
some palms. 
The author considers anatomical characters of value because 
so many palms are collected without flower or fruit. Bertrand^ 
in a general paper considers the characters and important 
points to be observed in making anatomical studies of this 
kind. He notes that we must not lose sight of: 1. Inequalities 
in the grouping of subdivisions with the association of higher 
groups. 2. The paucity of material of certain forms, many 
intermediate species having disappeared in the lapse of time. 
These objections hold with equal truth to the characters now 
used in the clasSiflcation of Phaenogams. He states that there 
are good differential characters in fibro vascular bundle found 
in Gymnosperms, vascular cryptogams and Phaenogams, but 
the arrangement of the fibro- vascular bundle is of less value. 
For the families such characters as the veins of leaf; develop- 
ment of stomata; secretion reservoirs; arrangement of inner 
phloem; for species the cuticle and trichomes are of value in 
diagnosis. 
iBeitraege zur verleichenden Anatomie der Sabaleen Blarfcter. Inaugural Diss. 2 
plates, Hofer and Burger (1893) Abst. Bot. Centralblatt, LI, p. 300. 
2Des caracteres que I’anatomine peut founlr a classification des vegetaux, pp. 54» 
Antun (Dejussieu) 1891, Abst. Bot. Oentrablatt Vol. L. p. 375. 
