IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 
149 
Priemei^ states that peculiar hairs, epidermal cells, crystals 
cystoliths are of value for diagnostic purposes in the order 
Ulmaceae. 
Bordet^ has made some anatomical studies of the genus 
Carex. He concludes that in this genus anatomical characters 
do not offer any material aid in the separation of species. 
Although some good characters are found in fibro-vascular 
bundles. 
Mez, who has made an exhaustive study of cystoliths and 
anatomical characters found in the sub- family Cordieae of the 
order Borraginaceae, finds that hairs are very characteristic 
and are certainly valuable from a systematic standpoint. Nor 
should we omit in this connection the valuable paper by Sol- 
ereder^ on the value of the wood structure in dicotyledonous 
plants, Holle^ who has made an exhaustive study of the order 
Saxifragaceae calls especial attention to the structure of pith 
cells of Gunoniece, the characteristic wood cells in certain gen- 
era, and crystals in the tribe Hydrangeae. 
K. Leisff who has likewise made a study of Saxifragaceae 
concludes that the species of this order offer characters which 
makes it easy to separate them into groups, but this grouping 
does not always conform to the present systematic position of 
its members. Nevertheless general harmony prevails between 
morphological and anatomical characters as to species. 
Several other authors Chrisff, Thouvenin^ Waldner® 
and Engler^'^ have likewise studied this order with reference to 
different organs and parts. 
3Uber seine unter Lietung von Prof.Prantl ausgefuehrtenuntersuch ungen uber die 
Anatomine Ulmaceen. Bot. Centralblatt, Vol. L, p. 105. 
^Recherches anatomiques sur le genere Carex (Revue generale de Botanique, Vol. 
Ill, 1891, p. 57-64. Abst. Bot. Centralblatt, Vol. LI, p. 116. 
sUber den systematischen Werth den Holzstructur bei den Dicotyledonen. R. 
Oldenbourg, Muenchen. 1885. 
6Beitraege zur AnatomiederSaxifragaceen und deren Systematische Verwerthung. 
Bot. Centralblatt Vol. LIII. p. 33, 65, 97, 139, 161, 309. 
7Beitraege der vergleicbenden Anatomie der Saxifragaceen. Bot. Centralblatt Vol. 
XLIII. p. 100, 136, 161, 233, 281, 313, 345, 377. 
7Beltraege zur vergleicbenden Anatomie des Stengels der Caryopbylleenund Saxi- 
frageen. Diss. Marburg, 1887. 
83 nr I’appareil de soutien dans les tiges des Saxifrages. 
^Die Kaldruesen der Saxifrageen. Graz 1887. 
lOMonographie der Gattung Saxifraga. Breslau 1873. 
Synopsis of North American Pines, based on leaf-anatomy. Bot. Gazette, XI, p. 
356, 302; plate VIII. 
Die Anatomie der Euphorbiaceen in ihrer Beziebung zum system derselben. Sepa- 
rate Engler’s Botamische Jababucber, Vol. V, p. 384-431; plates VI and VII. 
