192 
IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 
while of sub-sp. II, lineatocoUis , var. a and b occur only in Cal- 
ifornia, Arizona and Colorado, and var. c and d have only been 
reported from Maryland and West Virginia. Sub-sp. Ill 
osborni, var. a, has a wide range, while var. b (testacea) and c 
{pi7ii) are only found on the eastern coast from New York to 
North Carolina. 
C.proteus, sub-sp. I, Jlava, is found throughout the northern 
half of the Mississippi valley and the eastern states up to Can- 
ada, while sub sp. II and III, vittata and nigra, are found only 
in Pennsylvania and the surrounding states. Both varieties of 
xanthocephala have the same wide range: the southern part 
of the United States, from Maryland to Iowa on the north to 
Florida and Texas on the south. G. with all of its varie- 
ties ranges from Colorado to California, and from Utah to 
Arizona. 
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. 
As a whole they are of considerable economic importance. 
Although not usually occurring in sufficient numbers to be 
noticeably injurious, however, p)'>^oteus has been reported as 
having done considerable damage to cranberry swamps in a 
number of instances. Their food habits have not been very 
accurately determined. In general they feed on the sap of 
trees and shrubs, occurring most abundantly in low places. 
They have been reported as occurring on the ash, oak, pine, 
alder, butternut, elder, blueberry, cranberry and some of the 
larger grasses and weeds. 
SUMMARY. 
The study of this genus just recorded only adds one more 
instance to the many giving evidence against the immutability 
of species. Here we have four species, of which the larger and 
lighter varieties are widely separated, and easily recognizable 
by constant and strikingly distinct color markings, while at 
the other end of the series are small dark forms only capable 
of separation and recognition by reference to structural char- 
acters rendered indis inct by deep coloration. To still more 
complicate matters, proteus excepsed, they have intermediate 
light green or glaucus forms which so grade into each other in 
size and shade that it is only on structural characters In gen- 
eral, and the shape of the apical cells, in particular, that they 
can be separated. 
