IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
37 
The above table embraces all the evidence thus far obtained 
at the locality in question. 
In considering the faunal features of the succession the inter- 
est centers in the characters of the fauna of the Kinderhook 
and of its several parts. Three problems are presented: (1) the 
general facies of the fauna as a whole, and the parts giving it 
its predominant phase; (2) the character and relations of the 
basal fauna, and (3) the upper limit, if any can be made out, of 
the fauna most characteristic of the formation. 
(1) General Faunal Facies . — Heretofore the attempt has been 
always to treat the organic remains contained in the Kinder- 
hook, “Chouteau” or “Chemung,” as belonging to a single 
fauna. Owing to the heterogeneous beds that have been placed 
together in the formation it has been the chief mission of later 
work to take out from time to time various parts which were 
originally correlated with this terrane. Thus gradually the 
formation at its typical localities has finally come to be more 
clearly understood. 
Regarding the “Kinderhook” as made up of three subdivi- 
sions, the Louisiana limestone, the Hannibal shale and the 
Chouteau limestone (in its original sense) the fauna contained 
when deprived of elements which have in reality no relation to it 
whatever, presents a very different facies from that generally 
ascribed to it. With the light of definite zonal distribution of 
the organic forms there appears to be, instead of a single com- 
pact and characteristic group of forms, two very distinct faunas, 
as is nowhere more clearly shown than in the locality which can 
be regarded as typical and in which the faunal zones have been 
determined with considerable accuracy and corroborated by 
evidence from other districts. Owing to indefinite knowledge 
regarding the exact horizons from which the various genera 
and species have been found in the past the general launal 
faces of the “Kinderhook” has heretofore borne a composite 
and not a pure physiognomy. 
A tabular arrangement of all the species of fossils that are 
recognized at a typical locality for the Kinderhook, and that 
range from the Hudson to the Upper Bariington, has disclosed 
very clearly some important facts which heretofore have been 
overlooked. The first of these features is the close affinity of 
the faunas, from the lower two members of the Kinderhook, 
with the underlying Devonian, and the second is the sharpness 
with which the lower fauna stops at the base of the Chouteau, 
