A biting fly gathered In groups of froa two to twenty on the back 
of the head on the young birds* at the summit of the curve la the nook, 
so that the bird was unable to dislodge then by rubbing then on the back* 
Frequently the bite* of these insects drew snail drops of blood* and at 
tines sores were occasioned by their attaches, jpec loans of these flies 
collected for identification unfortunately were lost* 
The oallnotes of the young were loud and vociferous and at a dis- 
tones somewhat resembled the s quealing of hungry hogs* Young unable to 
walk culled and struck at me angrily when I approaobed while older birds 
though often vociferous showed more fear* The young continued to oall after 
they were able to fly but the only utterance heard from adults was the cur- 
loue aspirating oall that has been described, from Its sound this may have 
been made by forcing air through the narrowed opening of the glottie past 
the compressed epiglottidial process that in the pel loan projects from -fhe 
anterior end of tbs thyroid cartilage* 
Mortality among the young was high and 1 believed that adulte did 
not sucoeod in rearing more than three young to every four pairs of birds* 
in qp its of the number of eggs deposited. This mortality was due in part 
to trampling by the adults but more to difficulty in securing fish te feed 
the smaller young* Veil grown young were probably able to continue without 
food for two »v three days with no ill offeot apparent but younger birds 
♦»'*.*’* • * a * * % * 
were not so resistant* Often 1 found birds under three weoks old that were 
so weak that they were unable to hold the head ereot* ouch partly starved 
birds were unable to iti nd cold to any murksd degree* 1 suspected too that 
the adult pelicans often were not overly devoted to their offspring so that 
young were at tines deserted and left to die* With these facte understood 
there need be no fear of exoessiv* increase in the pelican population* 
