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the surface. Only 3.6 percent of the pupae were found in the upper 2 inches 
of soil and only 2.7 percent below the 6-inch level. No pupae have been 
found more than 8 inches below the surface. 
Pupation under field conditions in 1938 in the Florala area began 
as early as May 6, but it was May 27 before any appreciable number of pupae 
could be found. Diggings were made at frequent intervals from June 1 
through August 11 to determine the abundance of pupae in the soil. On 
June 1-3, 88 percent of the stages found were larvae and 12 percent were 
pupae, but on June 14-15, 56 percent of the stages were larvae, 40.7 percent 
were pupae, and 3.3 percent were unemerged adults. Records made on June 
28-29 showed the distribution of the stages as follows: 38 percent larvae, 
30.5 percent pupae, and 31.5 percent unemerged adults. On July 12-13, only 
13 percent of the stages were pupae, 69 percent were unemerged adults, and 
18 percent were larvae. No pupae were encountered in these field diggings 
after July 28 and no unemerged adults were found after August 4. No doubt a 
limited amount of pupation occurred in the field during August. A few 
adults emerged from field cages as late as August 15 and a few pupae were 
found in outside rearing cylinders as late as September 7. 
Host Plants 
The host plants received a limited amount of study during 1937, 
but they have been the subject of a special study during 1938, conducted 
jointly by the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine and the State 
Plant Board of Florida. Both the larvae and adults are general feeders 
and feed upon a wide range of plants. The combined list of larval and adult 
host plants observed in the field now includes 234 species. The host-plant 
studies have been confined to the Florala area, and observations in the 
other infested areas will doubtless greatly enlarge this list. Many of 
these host plants are numerous and widely distributed throughout the South- 
eastern States. Some of them and many close relatives are generally dis- 
tributed over a much larger area. Both the larva and adult feed upon such a 
diversity of plants that host plants apparently will not be an important 
factor in the spread of this insect. The complete list of host plants is 
too large to be included in this publication. 
■ Host plants of the ad ults . — Under field conditions the adults have 
been observed to feed upon 132 species of plants. These include field, 
garden, and truck crops; grasses and weeds; ornamental flowers and shrubs; 
wild bushes, trees, and vines. Some of the most common host plants in the 
Florala area are as follows: Beautyberry, beggarweed, blackberry, button- 
weed, Caesar 's-weed, c~mphor, cocklebur, coffeeweed, cotton, dahlia, dewberry, 
dollar-weed, false-indigo, four-o'clock, gallberry, honeysuckle, hoary-pea, 
horseweed, kudzu, lespedeza, lima bean, maypop, Mexican-clover, okra, peanut, 
pitcher-pea, ragweed, sickle-pod, smartweed, soybean, strawberry, and 
velvetbean. 
Under laboratory conditions adults have fed upon 215 species of 
plants and have deposited fertile eggs when confined exclusively on 184 
