EFFECTS OF TICK ERADICATION 
11 
starved in the unoccupied pastures and killed by dipping the cattle, 
which were kept in the other pasture. Since that time not a tick has 
appeared on the entire property. 
The problem of improving the pastures and the soil was also 
taken up. Lespedeza seed was scattered over the pasture lands in 
the early spring, and a number of small fields were plowed up and 
planted with mixtures of different kinds of seed, such as red clover, 
alsike clover, lespedeza, fescue grass, orchard grass, red top, and 
blue grass. The cultivated lands were planted in corn, sorghum, 
cowpeas. soy beans, rape, and other forage crops for cattle and hogs, 
and in the fall were planted with various grains, including rye. oats, 
wheat, vetch, etc. These fields were grazed during the winter by 
the stock, and in the early spring permitted to grow up. and the 
Fig. 3. — Purebred Shorthorn bulls on a Tennessee farm free of ticks. 
crop was then plowed under with disk plows or deep-tilling ma- 
chines. Silos were built and filled with silage made of sorghum, 
corn, and soy beans. Some of the best Shorthorn cattle that could be 
bought in Kentucky were brought down and grazed on the meadows 
during the summer, and wintered on the farm-grown feeds and some 
cottonseed meal. All of the cattle did exceedingly well from the 
start, and since that time a herd has accumulated which ranks among 
the best in the United States. Some of these cattle are shown in 
figures 3 and 4. 
The native cattle which were formerly on the place were put into 
different pastures from the purebred cattle, and purebred Shorthorn 
bulls were put with them. The scrub cows were valued at $12 to 
$20 a head, but they produced some very fine calves by the Short- 
