2z CONDITION OF KLK !N JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING. 
took both f<»o<I and water and were given as much of both as they 
wanted. 
A delay of a few days would have neeessitated making the first lap 
<>f the journey on wheels, then changing to sleds, and again to wheels. 
Fortunately, however, enough snow remained in the valley to allow 
the use of runners, and hut one change was necessar}'. Hacks cov- 
ering the entire wagon hed were constructed, and from three to five 
elk were placed in each load. A decided lowering of temperature, 
accompanied by a snowstorm, made traveling over the Teton Pass 
unpleasant and arduous, hut was of distinct assistance in the suc- 
cessful accomplishment of a task always dreaded at this season. In 
our case the normal diflicultics were magnified by the nature of our 
loads, which, though not of excessive weight, were bulky and top- 
heavy. Similar attempts in the past have almost invariably been 
attended with some loss; but by constant vigilance and the hearty 
cooperation of our assistants the mountains were crossed without 
mishap. Near Victor, Idaho, close to the western base of the range, 
bare ground was readied, and our loads were changed from runners 
to wheels. This was done by lifting the wagon bed and racks by 
means of a derrick, without removing the animals. The roads from 
this point were in excellent condition, and the completion of the trip 
was merely a matter of time. 
Upon our arrival at St. Anthony, arrangements were made at once 
for shipping the animals. The National Bison Range at Ravalli, 
Mont., and the Wichita Game Preserve in Oklahoma had been 
selected as the places to be supplied, and the lot was divided between 
them. It is gratifying to report that the animals in both shipments 
reached their destinations in excellent condition and that the project 
of reestablishing the species in these depleted localities has been 
successfully inaugurated. 
WINTER REFUGE FOR ELK." 
The establislunent of a winter refuge, where the feed can be pre- 
served by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the 
proper protection of the elk. Such a refuge should be of considerable 
size, should he situated in a valley winch the elk naturally seek, and 
should comprise pasture lands, as well as meadows which will produce 
hay for feeding the animals after they have exhausted the available 
forage. An ideal situation would include also a tract of somewhat 
elevated land, to which the animals could retire for rest. 
In 1906, when increasing settlement and the attendant grazing of 
the mountain parks began to affect the welfare of the wintering herds 
of elk. Mr. 1). ('. Nowlin, then State game warden, suggested the 
Batting aside <>f an area including a large part of the valley of the 
Ventre Uiver for the exclusive use of the elk and other game. 
LaUr, in his annual report for 1908, lie outlined the proposed area, 
