12 
24 nonresident bunting Licenses were granted in the four precincts 
of Jackson Hole, and in addition many parties who obtained licenses 
at other poi; Cody, Lander, Dubois, Rock Springs, and 
Pinedale -hunted in the Jackson Hole region. Hunters are obliged 
to hire guides, packers, cooks, and pack animals, and to provision 
the party. A conservative estimate places the average daily expense 
of a person hunting in this region at $14. Thus, a trip of 30 days 
would cost each nonresident $420. Practically all this is spent in 
the vicinity of the hunting grounds. 
The food value of the animals killed by residents is also very 
large. During the season of 1910, 413 resident licenses, each good 
\nv the capture of two elk, were granted in Jackson Hole. It is fair 
to assume that 800 elk, with an average value of $20, not counting 
the value of hides, horns, and scalps, were taken under these licenses. 
NUMBER OF ELK IN JACKSON HOLE REGION. 
Any statement regarding the number of elk in the Jackson Hole 
region can be only approximate. This is evident since, out of the 
large number of estimates obtained from residents, the smallest and 
largest given by persons whose opportunities for intelligent judgment 
were about equal varied as one to four. The migratory habits of 
the animals and the difficulty of traveling during the season when 
they are most easily observed makes it difficult to judge their num- 
bers. Careful consideration of all the data obtained leads me to 
estimate at from 20,000 to 25,000 the number which habitually range 
in the region drained by Snake River south and west of the Conti- 
nental Divide in the southern part of the Yellowstone National 
Park, most of which spend the winter in the Jackson Hole region as 
above defined. Recent investigations have established the fact that 
a line approximately represented by the Continental Divide in the 
southern part of Yellowstone National Park separates the northward 
and southward migrating bands of elk. A conservative estimate of 
the number of Jackson Hole elk which summer north of Buffalo 
Fork, the southern boundary of the game preserve, is 12,000, and of 
this number not more than 4,000 (or 20 per cent of the total number 
wintering in Jackson Hole) cross the boundary of Yellowstone Park 
jpend the summer. Owing, moreover, to the fact that snow 
ins deep on these high mountains until very late, it is mid- 
Bummer before this part of the park is suitable for occupancy. By 
mid-September snow has again begun to fall, and the elk start to 
move southward from the Divide and soon regain the game preserve, 
where the rest of the 12,000 have spent the summer. 
The remaining 8,000 which complete the total of 20,000, a. eon- 
sei \ atiye estimate of the number inhabiting the Jackson Hole reg 
spend the Bummer principally between Buffalo Fork and Gros Ventre 
