BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 45 
Table 4. — Results of barberry eradication ivork, calendar year JO '/S 
\ cj ed 
Properties cleared 
Bushes destroyed 
State 
New 
Old 
Berberis 
vulgaris 
Native 
species 1 
1 otai 
Sqtiare 
miles 
Number 
Number 
Number 
Number 
Number 
Colorado 
124 
46 
186 
11,360 
273, 110 
284, 470 
Illinois 
493 
32 
9 
53 
816 
816 
Indiana 
682 
36 
796 
317 
1. 1 13 
Iowa 
592 
56 
123 
2,714 
125 
2, 839 
Michigan. 
906 
194 
239 
5, 623 
5, 623 
198 
35 
8 
97 
742 
712 
Missouri 
73 
26 
197 
197 
Montana 
863 
2 
5 
1 AO 
148 
Nebraska _. 
297 
1 
8 
35 
35 
North Dakota 
641 

1 
27 
27 
177 
37 
178 
6, 122 
6,122 
Pennsylvania 
27 
25 
121 
207, 656 
207, 656 
South Dakota 
113 
1 
1 
5 
5 
Virginia 
18 
17 
34 
16 
1, 155, 875 
1, 155, 891 
West Virginia... 
49 

141 
41 
42, 444 
42, 485 
Wisconsin 
203 
81 
339 
7, 764 
7,764 
Wyoming 






Total 
5, 456 
544 
1,588 
244, 062 
1,471,871 
1,715. 933 
1 B.fendleri A. Gray and B. canadensis Mill. 
STEM RUST DAMAGE LIMITED TO LOCAL AREAS 
In general wheat west of the Mississippi River escaped serious dam- 
age from stem rust in 1943. Barberry bushes rusted later than usual, 
and less than the normal amount of inoculum of wheat stem rust de- 
veloped in Mexico and Texas. Only slight damage resulted from 
the northward spread of the rust. Both in the South and in the 
western part of the Mississippi Valley there was more stem rust of 
oats than of wheat. 
In the Eastern States the situation was the reverse. There was 
more abundant development of stem rust of wheat, especially in Vir- 
ginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and southern Ohio, 
while stem rust of oats was light. In Virginia and West Virginia 
heavy infection also developed early on barberry bushes, and local 
outbreaks of the disease caused severe damage to wheat in barberry- 
infested areas. 
Stem rust was severe in the vicinity of Palouse, Wash., where losses 
were estimated to total 150,000 or more bushels of wheat. Observa- 
tions indicate that it originated on barberry bushes within this area 
and that very little, if any, was from outside sources. 
The rust situation in 1943 in the Virginias and Washington provides 
additional evidence of the importance of barberry bushes in starting 
damaging epidemics of stem rust. 
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF STEM RUST 
Studies of the distribution of physiologic races indicate thai stem 
rust in the Plains States had a separate origin from the rust in the 
more eastern States. In the eastern area race 38 predominated on 
wheat, while west of the Mississippi River race 56 was most prevalent, 
with race 17 in second place and race 38 rarely found. For the country 
as a whole only these three races of wheat stem rust were sufliciently 
prevalent to be of practical importance. The 982 collections of wheat 
