24 AMERICAN EXPORT CORN (MAIZE) IX EUROPE. 
Where the shipments of corn contained a percentage of moisture 
much above that of thoroughly air-dried corn it was found in a large 
percentage of the holds examined that at least some of the com was 
heating, and in some cases that all of it was in that condition: 
In many cases the damage was confined to the corn at the top of 
the cargo, where the grain was loaded under and came in contacl with 
damp cotton, copper, or other heavy or wet freight, and where the 
corn was located against wet shifting hoards or along the sides of 
the ship, where condensation had taken place, while in other cases 
the heating grain was apparently protected from boiler heat and had 
no other freight loaded upon it. 
THE HEAT. KADIATED FROM THE SHIP'S BOILERS AND ENGINES. 
Where the heating occurred, the temperature as well as the degree 
of damage in the corn was not uniform in the damaged portions. 
When the damaged corn was located in that section of the ship con- 
tiguous to the boiler and engine room bulkheads, to the propeller- 
shaft tunnels, or in the coal-bunker holds, as it was in the greatest 
number of cases, the greatest heat and the most severe damage were 
usually found nearest to those bulkheads and shaft tunnels, and less 
heat and a less degree of damage the farther the distance from them. 
The usual situation in such cases is indicated in figure 5. 
THE LENGTH OF VOYAGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CORN. 
The length of voyage of grain steamships from Argentina to Europe 
averages about thirty-five days, from the American Atlantic ports 
about thirteen days, and from ports on the Gulf of Mexico about 
twenty days. 
The available information and data regarding the length of voy- 
age of the cargoes examined in Europe seem to warrant the con- 
clusion that if corn when loaded into ships is sound and dry, the 
length of the voyage has little or no effect upon its condition, but when 
it is shipped with a high moisture content and is stowed in such a 
way as to be subjected to heat from the inside of the ship or is shipped 
during the warm seasons of the year when it is subjected to con- 
siderable heat from the outside atmosphere, the length of the voyage 
is a very important factor, especially if the heating begins early in 
the voyage, in which case the heat is gradually diffused with each 
succeeding day and a higher temperature is developed in the corn 
already heating. Thus with each succeeding day more of the sound 
corn begins to heat and the corn already heating becomes more 
severely damaged. 
[Clr. "■•"'] 
