- 431 - 
Insects in wire cages were fed food plants moistened 
with decoctions of insecticidal plants, the food "being changed 
every day. Experiments showed a decoction of tobacco ( Nicotiana 
ru stica ) to he effective as a stomach poison. Tobacco decoction 
prepared by boiling 1 lb. of tobacco in 3 gal. of water and di- 
luting the strained liquid in another 6 gal- of water produced a 
death rate among caterpillars-of F» brassicae as high as 62.5 percent. 
FEYTAUD, J. (1849) 
1918. NOTES OK THE CABBAGE BUTTERFLY. Bull. Soc. Etude Vulg. 
Zool. Agr. 17 (5): 33-38. [In French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. 
Ent. (A) 6: 319-320. 1918.] 
A solution of black soap (5 percent) and nicotine (l to 
1 l/2 percent of titrated extract) is a very active insecticide 
applied directly to the larvae of Fieris brassica e L. arid is also 
very effective as a preventive spray during the oviposition period. 
JEGSN, G. (1850) 
1918. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE tfORK OF COMBATING THE CABBAGE BUTTERFLY. 
Landw. Jahrb . Schweiz. 32 (4): 524-550. [in German. Abstract in 
Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 512-514. 1919.] 
Preventive measures against Pi ori s bra ssicae include the 
spraying of cabbage seedlings with a 2-percent nicotine solution 
to repel the ovipositing butterflies. Spraying must be repeated 
from time to time as the repellent effect has been found to disap- 
pear in about 9 days. 
LEES, A. H. (1851) 
1918. NICOTINE-PARAFFIN EMULSION. Jour. Bd. Agr. [London] 24 (12): 
1411-1415. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 238-239. 1918.] 
The following spray: soft soap, 20 lb., paraffin, 2 gal., 
nicotine, 1/2 lb., water, 100 imperial gal., kills capsids if they 
are thoroughly wetted. Larvae of the cabbage white butterfly 
(Pieris brassicae ) remained motionless on the leaves and finally 
died. Larvae of the gooseberry sawfly ( pteronus ribesii ) and the 
raspberry and loganberry beetle ( Byturus t omentosus ) are killed 
only if thoroughly wetted. 
GHIRLANDA, C (1852) 
1922. THE CABBAGE T70RM. Costa Azzurra Agr. - Floreale 2 (9): 8-11, 
illus. [In Italian.] 
The following spray mixture has given good results against 
the cabbage worm ( pieri s brassicae L. ) in Italy: 2 1. phenicated 
tobacco extract (5 percent), 2 1. denatured alcohol, 200 g. black 
soap, and 96 1. water. 
