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6. Eyponomeuta caterpillars on Fruit Trees, 1913-195 4 
uokrzecki, s. a. (1777) 
1913. HY PONOLSUTA LIALINELLUS ZELL.: ITS BICHOIIICS AND hETHODS OE FIGHT- 
ING IT. Simferopol, illus. [in Rassian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. 
(A) 1: 345-349. 1913.] 
This insect is found everywhere in Russia on apple trees. The 
author doubts the effectiveness of tobacco extract as not? used in the 
Crimea (containing 3.7 percent nicotine and applied in a 2.6 percent 
solution in water) to destroy these caterpillars, except in the earliest 
stage. He describes his tests with the caterpillars in the mining stage, 
which he sprayed with a 1 percent solution of tobacco extract, and with 
a l/s percent solution of kerosene emulsion. After 24 hours the cater- 
pillars sprayed with tobacco and kerosene were dead. 
ffAHL, C VON (1778) 
1916. HYPOITGI.IEUTA IIALINZLLUS UND H. VARIABILIS . HAUPTSTELLE FUR 
PFLANZENSCHUTZ IN BODES A: T DER GR0S8H. LANDtf. Versuchanstalt Augasten 
berg, Elugblatt Ho. 5. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 288. 1920. 
Remedial measures against the caterpillars are spraying with 
soft-soap solutions containing nicotine or quassia. 
STEEALII, T. BE (1779) 
1922. C1T SOME INJURIOUS INSECTS. Rinnovamento Econ.-Agrar. 16 (5-6): 
55-59; 92-95. [In Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 
444. 1922.] 
It i s suggested that a nicotine sprajr applied as soon as the 
larvae of Kypcnomeuta malinellus Z. hatch will prevent any serious in- 
jury to apples. 
EAE3, K. (1780) 
1928. LA LUTTE C9HTR3 LES CHENILLES EILSUSES 00 CHENILLES B'HYPOI^O- 
MEO'TES. Ann. Agr. Suisse 29 (5): 520-533, illus. [Abstract in Rev. 
Appl. Er.t. (A) 17: 258-259. 1929.] 
The only spray that gave complete satisfaction in tests against 
yo-aiig larvae cf Eypo nomeuta r.ali nellus Zell. while still under the 
shelter of the eggs was a kerosene emulsion prepared by dissolving l/2 
lb. soft soap in 1 gal. of hot water and adding vshile still hot 5 pt. 
kerosene, agitating it to an emulsion, pouring into a solution of 2 lb. 
caustic soda (98 percent sodium hydroxide) dissolved in 9 gal. soft 
water, and mixing the whole. Its efficacy nay be still further in- 
creased by adding 15-percent nicotine (1:100). 
