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LATHROP, F. H., and SAZAMA, R. F. . (1665) 
1932. A LABORATORY-FIELD METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF 
• • CODLI1TG MOTH SPRAYS. Jour. Econ. Ent.. 25 (l): 83-101, illus. [Abstract 
in Rev. Appl. Ent. '(A) 20: 890-392. 1932.] 
The treatments included lead arsenate and lime for the first 
brood followed "by summer oil with or without nicotine sulphate for 
the second. The orchard results show that the oil-nicotine spray was 
somewhat superior to lead arsenate and lime, probably as the result 
of superior ovicidal effects. In regard to 1 percent oil with nicotine 
(1:1,600), there was a decrease in coloration of the fruit of selected 
apples, but no material injury to foliage was observed. 
MOORE, T7M. (1666) 
1932. COMPARISONS BETWEEN NICOTINE TANNATE AMD ARSENATE OF LEAD AS 
CODLING MOTH POISONS. Jour. Scon. Ent. 25 (3): 554-559. [Abstract 
in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 515. 1932.] 
Foliage treated with nicotine tannate under New Jersey conditions 
has shown that about 75 percent of the nicotine has usually disappeared 
at the end of 10 days (Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 358), but a determinable 
amount always remains for 30 days or more. These small residues seem 
to control the codling moth better than lead arsenate. Subsequent 
studies of the toxicity of nicotine tannate have shown that it kills 
the more mature eggs and crawling larvae as a contact poison and persists 
as a stomach poison on foliage in quantities toxic to the young larvae 
for at least 21 days, ^he cost of nicotine tannate is not greater than 
that of lead arsenate, and the former appears to exceed the latter in 
toxicity. Tannic acid is only satisfactory when made from Chinese galls 
( Rhus semialata ) . inferior tannins causing severe foliage injury. The 
tank should be filled two-thirds full of water, and after the agitator 
has been started, 2 lb. tannic acid should be added for each 100 gal. 
After this has dissolved, 1 pt. 50-percent free nicotine for each 3 lb. 
tannic acid should be added and the tank filled up before applying the 
spray- Nicotine tannate can be used with pure sulphur but cannot be 
mixed with soap, lime- sulphur, calcium caseinate, or other alkaline or 
acid substances. Its compatibility with dried milk or other protein 
or organic base is open to question. 
NEWCOMER, E. J., et al. (1667) 
1932. A CODLING MOTH CONTROL SCHEDULE FOR 1932. Wash. State Hort . Assoc. 
Proc. 27 (1931), pp. 46-50, illus.; also in Better Fruit 26' (8): 8-9, 
illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 278. 1932.] 
Oil emulsions may be safely used with lead arsenate in the second 
and subsequent cover sprays, provided that lime-sulphur has not been 
applied too late in the spring. After July they must be combined with 
some other insecticide, such as nicotine sulphate (l/2 or 2/3 pt . per 
100 gal.) , etc. 
