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SHERMAN, F. Ill (1561) 
1931. SPRAYING TO CONTROL THE CODLING MOTH IN SOUTHWESTERN MICHIGAN. 
Jour. Econ. Ent. 24 (5): 1075-1077. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. 
(A) 20: 34. 1932.] 
Sprays of oil with nicotine sulphate gave good results on an 
early variety, "but were less satisfactory on later varieties. In 
all cases where oil with nicotine was employed in the summer brood 
sprays, the arsenical residue on the fruit was greatly reduced. Oil 
sprays, where applied alone for the summer "brood larvae, were inef- 
fective. One proprietary oil when used in combination with nicotine 
sulphate caused injury to the fruit. 
SPULER, A., et al . (1662) 
1931. VALUE OF COMBINATIONS WITH LEAD ARSENATE, AND SUMMER OILS IN 
CODLING MOTH CONTROL. Wash. State H rt. Assoc. Proc. 26 (1930), pp. 
59-72, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 19-20. 1932.] 
A series of spray programs was tested. The best results were 
obtained from the following materials per 100 gallons: A calyx spray of 
3 lb. lead arsenate, a first cover spray of 1 gal. oil with 2 lb. lead 
arsenate, a second and third cover spray of fish-oil with 2 lb. lead 
arsenate, a fourth cover spray identical with the calyx spray, and a 
fifth and sixth cover spray of 1 gal. oil and 0.5 pt . nicotine. The 
foliage in this case showed practically no scorching and was free 
from injury by leafhoppers and mites. The residue was 0.061 as com- 
pared with 0.078 in a plot treated with lead arsenate only. . 
SPULER, A., SPULER, F. L., end GREEN, E. L. (1663) 
1931. OIL SPRAYS FOR SUMMER USE. Wash. Agr. Expt . Sta. Bull. 252, 
39pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 581-582. 1931.] 
With regard to the codling moth, nicotine sulphate and oil 
sprays have been as effective as lead arsenate (2 lb. to 100 gal.) in 
preventing entry into the fruit, when used in any or all the cover 
sprays, and have been decidedly more effective than lead arsenate 
in preventing "stings." 
WEBSTER, R. L. (1664) 
1931. TRENDS IN CODLING MOTH CONTROL IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Jour. 
Econ. Ent. 24: 672-676. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 543-544. 
1931.] 
The oil-nicotine combination, consisting of 1 gal. summer oil 
and nicotine sulphate (3/4 pt. to 100 gal.), is •recommended to replace 
lead arsenate late in the season on account of the residue problem. 
It has proved fully as efficient as lead arsenate for cover sprays 
against the second brood. Foliage treated with cover sprays, including 
the oil-lead arsenato -combination together with nicotine-oil, was found 
to be particularly free from injury by red spider, leafhoppers, and aphids. 
