- 470 - 
TCARDLE, P.. A. (2031) 
1929. THE PROBLEMS OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY. 587 pp., illus. 
The poisonous character of nicotine fails to protect tobacco 
plants from insect attack. Theron and Cutler (1924) assert that 
the presence of nicotine in the growing tobacco plant gradually 
decreases in percentage as the plant approaches maturity (p. 21). 
The literature of nicotine as an insecticide is very "briefly 
reviewed (pp. 219-220). 
ARIE, J. (2032) 
1931. THE USE OF NICOTINE AS AN INSECTICIDE. Arch. Inst. Biol. Defens. 
Agr. e Animal 4: 121-142, illus. , Sao Paulo. [in Portuguese] 
In France and Italy where the manufacture of tobacco is a 
State monopoly, tobacco extract is sold by competent officers with 
an absolute guaranty as to its percentage of nicotine. In France 
diluted extracts are sold as well as pure extracts. In order to 
preserve the former during the sunrnur a certain amount of common 
salt is added to it. Extracts below 12 percent of nicotine do not 
keep well. Extracts denatured with Norwegian tar (wood tar) are 
sold without formality to any person, whereas pure extract is dis- 
posed of to pharmacists, druggists, horticulturists or owners of 
cattle under certain formalities with regard to the identification 
of the buyers and to the specific use of the extract. Brazilian 
cord-tobaccos are rich in nicotine, many containing as much as 
10 percent. 
LITTLE, V. A. (2033) 
1931. A PRELIMINARY PEPORT ON THE INSECTICIDAL PROPERTIES OF DEVIL'S 
SHOESTRING, CRACCA VIR GINIANA LINN. Jour. Econ. Ent. 24: 
743-754. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 549. 193L] 
Aqueous suspensions of the powdered roots of the above plant 
compare favorably in toxicity with derris, pyrethrum, and nicotine 
sulphate (40-percent). 
PAILLOT, A. (2034) 
1931. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO VEGETABLE GARDENS AND VINEYARDS. 366 pp 
illus. Paris. [In French.] 
• * 
Nicotine is discussed as an insecticide (pp. 17-19) and the 
following formula (pp. 66-67) is given: 100 to 150 g. pure nicotine, 
1 kg. white Marseille soap, and 100 1. water (preferably rain water). 
This soap is preferable to black soap because it has a higher stick- 
ing property. If nicotine extract is used, containing 500 g. nico- 
tine sulphate to the liter it is necessary to use from 200 to 300 
cc. per 100 1. The use of soap in this kind of spray is indispensable 
