- 473 - 
and home-made fumigators art discussed (pp. 19-24). Some of these 
were also used against the cucumber thrips ( T hrip t a baci ) (p. 44). 
A spray containing 1 teaspoonful of nicotine (40-purcunt) in a pt. 
of water, did not kill the greenhouse pill-bug ( Arrnadillidium 
vulgare) (p. 46) . 
SMIRNOFF, A. (2045) 
1903. TOBAKSEXTRAXT OCK BESS ANVANDNING I K AMP EN MOT SKADEINSEKTER. 
Svenska Tradgardsf or. Tidskr. [Sweden] No. 4, pp. 60-62. 
[In Swedish.] 
In Sweden tobacco extract is used against Thrips t abaci L. , 
Zabrus gibbus , Lema me Ia n op a , Sricampa adumbrat a, Tingi s piri , 
Conchyli s ambigu ella, and Dactylopi us longispinus . Various 
formulas are given. One contains 1,250 g. tobacco extract, 865 
g. soap, 19 g. pulverized naphthaline, and 104 1. water. Another 
contains 725 to 750 g. tobacco extract, 750 to 1,000 g. sulphur, 
and 21 1. water. And a third contains 1.5 percent solution of 
tobacco extract and 0.5 percent solution of alkali soap. 
tfASHBUBN, F. L. (2046) 
1908. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. Minn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 112, pp. 145- 
254, illus. 
Tobacco decoction with soap killed young apple leafhoppers 
( Empoasca mali LeB.), but the spray had little or no effect upon 
the adults (p. 158). No definite results were obtained when tobacco 
decoction was sprayed on cabbage maggots (p. 211) , but when applied 
with a watering pot a decoction (1.5 lb. of stems steeped in 4 gal. 
water) gave good results (p. 213). Tobacco dust, scattered thickly 
in the rows before sowing the radish seed, was a good fertilizer 
and insecticide (p. 210) . 
GAHviAN, H. (2047) 
1913. FUMIGATION AMD SPRAYING. Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 172, pp. 193- 
209, illus. 
A 40 percent nicotine extract used in the proportion of 1 oz. 
to 2 oz. of water for each 2,500 cu. ft. enclosed has been found ef- 
fective for destroying aphids. The fumes are driven off by pouring 
the tobacco extract and water into a pan, then dropping in this a 
flat piece of iron heated red hot and leaving the fumes about the 
plants over night (p. 201). A solution of sodium hydroxide or 
potassium hydroxide added to Black Leaf 40 produces fumes which 
quickly kill plant lice, plant bugs (Pentatomidae) , flesh flies, 
and grain weevils ( Calandra oryzae ) . The adult whitefly and one 
of the clover plant lice were also killed on a pot of red clover 
in the hothouse, using 1 fl. oz. each of Black Leaf 40 and of sodium 
hydroxide in concentrated solution (p. 201). For rose bushes in- 
fected with plant lice and slugs, there is no better spray than a 
strong tobacco extract either home-made or manufactured (p. 207). 
