- 484 - 
cent nicotine sulphate and soap, and the dust should contain 2 
percent nicotine and should "be carried in sulphur or lime or "both (pp. 4, 7) 
Against all kinds of insects infesting roses use the following 
formula: 2 teaspoonfuls Black Leaf 40, 10 teaspoonfuls lead arsenate, 
and 1 gal. Bordeaux mixture (p. 16). 
KANENO, K. , and KAMI SHIM, 5. (2075) 
1927. STUDIES ON PREVENTING THE OVLPOSITION OF CHI LP SI I/? LEX . Jour. 
Plant Protect. 15 (2): 77-83. [in Japanese. Abstract in 
Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 15: 221. 1927.] 
Spraying with repellents against Chilo ' simplex did not prove 
of economic value. Nicotine sulphate and tobacco dust greatly 
reduce the percentage of hatching of the eggs and prevent the 
larvae from entering the rice stalks. 
KATSUYAMA, Y. (2076) 
1927. ON THE CONTROL 0? DSLPHAX FURCIFERA HOST. INFESTING THE RICE PLAN: 
Insect TJorld 31 (3): 93-96. [In Japanese. Abstract in Rev. 
Appl. Ent. (A) 15: 280. 1927.] 
The application of tobacco dust, pure or mixed with lime or 
ashes, is recommended for the- control . of D elpha.x . furcif era Horv. 
on rice. 
tfORTHLEY, H. N. (2077) 
1927. REDUCING THE COST OF NICOTINE SULPHATE SPRAYS. Jour. Econ. Ent. 
20: 615-625. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 83-84. 1928.] 
Studies were conducted to discover the merits of a number of 
chemicals as liberators of nicotine from spray solutions of 40- 
percent nicotine sulphate. Among those tried, sal soda appeared 
to throw off the nicotine most rapidly, while under conditions 
where it is desirable to liberate the nicotine slowly over a longer 
period of time, potash fish-oil soap proved most suitable, mixing 
readily with water and giving a beneficial physical character to 
the spray solution. The amount of sal soda or potash fish-oil 
soap required to neutralize 1 cc. nicotine sulphate is 0.34 g. or 
1.1 cc. , respectively. The evolution of nicotine from 1 to 100 
nicotine sulphate with twice this amount of sal soda is 61 percent 
in 4 hours, and 100 percent in 24 hours; with twice the amount of 
potash fish-oil soap the percentages are 34, 69, and 74 in 4, 24, 
and 48 hours as compared with 15, 30, and 35 in the absence of any 
liberator. Sal soda is a more efficient liberator than sodium 
hydroxide and gives a lower alkalinity to the spray solution, 
the greatest alkalinity not being attended by the greatest evolu- 
tion of nicotine. Bordeaux mixture and lime-sulphur are good . 
liberators of nicotine, 96.75 percent of nicotine being evolved 
in 24 hours from a 1 to 100 nicotine sulphate in 4:4:50 bordeaux 
mixture, and 70.84 percent in 1 to 40 lime-sulphur, as compared 
with 100 percent by the addition of sal soda at twice the strength 
necessary to neutralize the nicotine sulphate and 28.78 percent 
with no liberator. Tests carried out against insects showed that 
