- 498 - 
Laboratory tests with pure nicotine solutions, and nicotine 
solutions to which alkalies and acid has "been added showed no 
remarkable difference in effect between the pure solutions and 
alkaline solutions, but the acidulated solutions killed less 
quickly. When nicotine and soap are combined, the nicotine acts 
as a. fumigant, causing irritation end asphyxiation, \.hile the soap 
penetrates in its liquid condition into the respiratory channels 
of the insects, clogging them and cnoking the insects. The two 
substances combined in water form a mixture which unites the good 
qualities of ooth and in addition contributes adnesiveness to the 
nicotine, causing it to spread more evenly and to remain some time. 
The solution used consisted of 1 g. nicotine, 15 to 25 g. soap and 
2,000 cc. water. 
kICHALSKY, W. • . (2122) 
1905. OI-I THE EFIECT OF CERTAIN ALKALOIDS UPON COCKROACHES. Krakow 
Rozprawy katematuczno-Przyrodniczego Akad. Umiej. 45 (B): 
378-379. [In Polish.] 
A solution of 8-4 and 1 percent of nicotine injected under 
the tegument of cockroaches produced an immediate paralyzatiorr and 
complete absence of motion. One second later the insect has a 
strong convulsion lasting for three seconds, and then it is absolutely 
motionless. If still alive this may be ascertained only by a touch 
of the antennae. Nicotine in a concentration of 0.5 percent causes 
a similar effect; however, the insect will not perish and remains 
alive for 27 days, but always paralyzed. A solution of 0.125 percent, 
produces a convulsion, beginning with the hind legs and proceeding to 
the front legs, after which they become motionless for a little while, 
but on the next day they were found normal. If any of the aforesaid 
concentration is injected into the anus it causes general weakness 
and paralysis of the legs. The lethal dose for dogs is l/2 drop, 
for raobits l/4 drop. Nicotine is relatively more toxic to the higher 
animals than it is to certain insects. 
PICKETT, B. S. (2123) 
1907. SIA&DMD SPHAY ialXTUBES. 111. Hort. Soc. 35th Ann. Conv. , Trans, 
for 1907, p. 375-391. 
Tobacco decoction is briefly described, and is classified as 
one of the suffocating sprays (p. 382-384) , which suffocate insects 
by closing their breathing pores. 
CAPUS, J., and FEYTAUD, J. (2124) 
1909. LES 3EMTJ3MENTS INSECTICIDES COKTRES LES CHENILLES PILEUSi'S D^S 
AKBRES FRUITLESS. Rev. Vitic. 32; 313-519. 
Spray solutions, containing titrated nicotine solutions ranging 
from 1,3 to 2 1. per 100 1. of water or bordeaux mixture, were tested 
on tent caterpillars in fruit trees. The bordeaux-nicotine mixture 
acts as a powerful poison, for the caterpillars remain motionless 
