- 499 - 
but do not die soon. In a mixed treatment a 2-perc~nt solution killed 
all the caterpillars within 3 days. Nicotine acts in a very effective 
way, and its effect seems to "be more rapid by contact than oy ingestion, 
as it has. a repellent effect. 
PEYTAUD, J. (2125) 
1910. LA QUESTION DE LA NICOTINE. Bull. Soc. Etude et Vulg. Zool. Agr. 
9 (5): 143-147. 
This is a brief discussion of the literature, including the 
knowledge gained by the author. 
llicotine, being very volatile, repels by its odor and thus 
plays an important role as an insectifuge. Its caustic nature ca.uses 
burns, if brought in contact with the integument of insects. Its 
fumes are asphyxiating and pass into the respiratory organs through 
the spira.cles, and tiius kill insects by a mechanical and chemical 
asphyxiation. Finally its toxic action is slower, but surely 
fatal, when it is absorbed by tne digestive organs. 
CAZENEUVE, P. (2126) 
1911. ZUE L'lHEEFI CACHE* LE L'ARSENIATE LE PLOMB. Rev. Vitic. 36: 349- 
355. 
Adult larvae of Eu demis were placed on a piece of blotting 
paper and a drop or two of titrated nicotine dropped on them, they 
wriggled vehemently to shake off the liquid. The caterpillars thus 
treated pupated and produced normal adult moths. 
SHAEEP, G. D. (2127) 
1911. HOW CONTACT INSECTICIDES KILL. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 
11, 65 pp. , illus. 
It was ascertained that insects subjected to the vapors of 
nicotine (io-bak-ine) first pass through a stage of excitement, 
then through a stage of depression in which the coordination of 
movement is uncertain, and finally through a stage in which there 
is total loss of movement and sensibility. The last stage is fol- 
lowed more or less rapidly by death. (p. 19). 
kAISONNEUVE, P. (2128) 
1912. LA LUTTE CONTEE La COCHYLIS EN ANJOU EN 1911. Pev. Vitic. 37: 
371-377. 
Several small scale tests were conducted with nicotine to 
show that it has remarkable insecticidal effects and that it can 
kill insects without them eating the poisoned food. 
