RAFFY, A-, and PORT I SR, P. (2155) 
1931. INTENSITY OP THE RESPIRATORY EXCHANGES OP LEPIDOPTSRA DURING 
PLIGHT. Compt. Rend. Soc . Biol. 108: 1062-1054. [In Prench. Abstract 
in Gnem. Atos . 26: 1984. 1932.] 
Several species of Lepidopt'era were enclosed in tubes and their 
respiratory exchanges determined. During periods of convulsive beating 
of the wings induced by nicotine their oxygen consumption was 30-540 
times as great as vnhen at rest. Sphinx moths consumed 0.8 cc. oxy- 
gen per g. per hour at rest, 20 cc. when caused to beat their wings by 
shaking the tube, said 24 cc . during wing beating caused by nicotine. 
Longicom beetles intoxicated Vj nicotine moved their feet rapidly 
as in walking and used eight times as much oxygen as when at rest. 
SHEPABD, H. H., and HI CHARD SOP, C. H. (2155) 
1931. A METHOD OF DETERMINING THE RELATIVE TOXICITY OF CONTACT INSECT- 
ICIDES, T7ITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACTION OP NICOTINE AGAINST 
APHIS RU M! CIS . Jour. Econ. Snt . 24: 905-914, illus. [Abstract in 
Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 19: 681. 1931.] 
Nicotine and nicotine sulphate have been used against Aphis 
rumici s L. to develop a method that has been devised as a substitute 
for the usual spray tests in cases "here greater precision is de- 
sirable, and to serve as standards of comparison of the toxicity of 
other compounds. The nicotine sulphate solutions were made by ti- 
trating nicotine base with 0,1 N sulphuric acid in the presence of 
methyl red, the end-point in this case being very close to pH 5.0. 
Groups of wingless adult females of A. rumicis wore placed in medium- 
sized test tubes plugged with cotton and held in a constant temperature 
chamber at 26° C., to which the nicotine solutions were also brought. 
Each test-tube was then filled half full or more with the solution and 
the insects kept below the surface with a piece of cotton or cheese- 
cloth. Aphids immersed according to this method in distilled water 
for an hour remain unaffected, end 60 percent recovered after immersion 
for 3 hours, so that actual drowning from immersion in insecticide 
solutions for up to 1 to 2 hours is somewhat slight . The nicotine base 
acts more rapidly than does the sulphate, and the results obtained in 
this study show a relation between the toxicity of the two in connection 
with aphids similar to that previously found in connection with mosquito 
larvae [(Rev. Appl. Snt. (3) 19: 29)]. 
CAMPBELL, p. L. (2157) 
1932. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS OP THE TOXICITY OP CERTAIN COAL-TAR DYES 
POR THE SILKT70RM. Jour. Scon. Ent. 25 (4): 905-917, illus. [Abstract 
in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 5 41-642. 1932.] 
The median lethal dose of nicotine ''oy injection into fifth 
instar larvae of the silkworm ( Bornbyx mori L.) was about 0.0015 mg. 
per g. 
