~ 530 - 
• • ' (2236) 
1930. PENETROL AS AN ACTIVATOR JO'S. NICOTINE. Anier. Fruit Grower Nag. 
1930 (July), pp. 8-13, illus. [ihstract in Biol. Abs. 5 (6-7): 1763 
Entry 17,958. 1931.] 
Penetrol, a sulphonated oxidation product of petroleum, is a 
liquid easily riiscible with water. It has proved much easier to 
handle, and more effective as an activator than soap solutions, when 
used with nicotine sprays as a contact insecticide, and it may he 
used with arsenical sprays and with bordeaux without burning the folia 
PEATRS, L. II., and GOULD, E. (3237) 
1930. NOTES Oil THE PISTOL CASE-3EARER . Jour. Econ. Ent. 23: 138-190. 
[Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 18: 403-404. 1930.] 
The most successful contact insecticide for controlling the 
pistol casebearer ( Coleophora malivorella Riley) was nicotine sulphate 
(1:800) plus 0.5 percent Penetrol, which gave about 100 percent contro 
An emergency application made between July 17 and July 27 at the rate 
of 15 gal. per tree gave an average kill of 78.92 percent. 
PETIT, R. H. (2238) 
1930. REPORT OP THE SECTION OP ENTOMOLOGY . Mich. State 3d. Agr. Ann. 
Rept. 1929-1930, IS pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 
453. 1931.] 
Phenacoccus gossypii Towns, and Ckll. was controlled in green- 
houses by a spray of 1 pt . 40-percent nicotine sulphate, 2 qt . penetro 
and 100 gal. water. 
TISSOT, A. N., and THOMPSON, T7. L. (3239) 
1930. LIET7 APKICIDES. Ela. Ent. 14 (l): 7-12. [Abstract in Rev. Appl- 
Ent. (A) 18: 490. 1930.] 
A now pine tar soap was found superior to ordinary soaps as a 
spreader and carrier of nicotine. Sodium olea'te (1 lb. to 100 gal. 
water) with 40-pcrcent nicotine sulphate 1 to 4,000 gave a good 
kill of Aphi s spiraecola Patch. Good results were also secured with 
standard oil emulsions (1 percent) with 50-percent free nicotine (1 to 
4,000). Penetrol gave promising results at the rate of 0.5 pei^cent 
with only one-fourth as much nicotine as is necessary with ordinary 
spreaders. A 2 percent nicotine-lime dust made with free nicotine 
(50-percent) was just as effective as a 3 percent dust made with 4 - 
percent nicotine sulphate. The gas is given off much more rapidly thai 
from nicotine sulphate, resulting in a high concentration s^on after 
ilication. The price of these materials depends on their nicotine 
content, so that the fact that only 4 lb. of free nicotine is required 
as against 7 l/2 lb. nicotine sulphate for 100 lb. dust gives a reducti 
in cost in spite of the 35 percent higher cost of the free nicotine. 
