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DS ONG, E. R. (2244) 
1931. REFINED PINE TAR OIL FOR ORCHARD AND GARDEN USE. Jour. Scon. : 
24: 735-743. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 549. 1931.] 
Pine tar oil is used alone or in combination v/ith nicotine or 
copper resinate for the control of aphids, thrips or the younger stage 
of unarmored scales. Nicotine in a 95 percent concentration enters 
readily into solution with pine tar oil, but a difficulty exists in 
obtaining a solution in the presence of large amounts of water. It 
is concluded from the data obtained that the highest concentration of 
nicotine consistent with economy and safety should be used in all such 
combinations of nicotine and oil. 
FELT, E. p., and BROMLEY, S. T7- , (2245) 
1931. TESTS T7ITH NICOTINE ACTIVATORS. Jour. Econ. Ent. 24: 105-111. 
[Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 19: 345. 1931.] 
A series of field tests were conducted with nicotine in con- 
junction with Penotrol, Sunoco oil, Volck oil, commercial soap flakes, 
sodium oleate, potassium oleate, and Kay so calcium caseinate against 
the spruce gall aphid ( Chermes abietis 1.), black cherry aphid 
( i.-iyzus ccrasi F. ), spiraea aphid ( Aphis spiraecola Patch) and certain 
brown aphids on conifers. The results secured indicate that the ef- 
ficiency of nicotine activators is dependent on a complex of conditions 
in which the stage of the insect, the type of the plant, the spreading 
and wetting qualities of the spray, the rapidity of the evolution of 
nicotine, and the weather, temperature, and humidity conditions arc 
all factors. 
GAMBRELL, F. L. (2246) 
1931 ■ THE SPRUCE GALL APHID ( ADELGES ABIETIS.) AS A NURSERY PEST. Jour 
Econ. Ent. 24: 355-351. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 479-480 
1931.] 
Combinations of nicotine with penetrol, soaps and oils, and 
spray mixtures consisting of either lime-sulphur or soap uncombined 
have shown promising results against the above aphid ( Chermes abietis L 
without producing any apparent injury to Norway spruce trees in 
nurseries • 
HEADLEE, T. J. (2247) 
1931. REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY. N. J.Agr. Expt. Sta. Rep 
1929-1930, pp. 121-200. [Abstract in Rev. A pp l. Ent. (A) 20: 81-82. 
1932.] 
A mixture of oil emulsion and cresylic acid was much cheaper than 
a mixture of lime-sulphur-nicotine. A number of tests against Zeuzera 1 
pyrina L. indicated that the larvae can be killed by treating the twigs 
and branches of infested apple trees with miscible pine oil in which has 
been dissolved naphthalene, nicotine, or benzyl chloride. 
mi 
