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MOHEAXJ, L., and VINEI, E. (2271) 
1913. REPORTS ON C LYSIA AMSIGjELLA AND ITS SUMMER TREATMENT. Bull. Soc. 
Agr. France, July 15, pp. 55-56. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 1: 
337-338. 1913.] 
Copper sprays containing 0.133 percent nicotine and made slight ly 
alkaline are recommended . Dusts, including sulphur with nicotine, may 
oe used. 
KOCK, K. (2270) 
1914. THE ACTION OF NICOTINE VAPORS ON TEE FIRST GENERATION OF VINE MOTHS, 
Ztschr. Landw. Versuchsw. Oesterreich. 17 (6-7): 538-641, ill us . [In 
German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 276. 1920.] 
Nicotine sprays are in general use against vine moths 
( Clysia ambiguella and Polychrosis botrana ) and a dust containing 0.45 
percent nicotine has also given good results. A 5-gallon steam boiler 
for producing nicotine-impregnated steam is described. Tests have shown 
that nicotine vapor has bad effects on the workers and does not appear 
to kill more than half of the moths. 
SMITH, R. E. (2273) 
[1917.] THE PREPARATION OF NICOTINE DUST AS AM INSECTICIDE. Calif. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bull. 336, pp. 261-274. 1921. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. 
(A) 10: 286-288. 1922.] 
The first tests with nicotine dust were made in 1917 against the 
walnut aphid ( Chrom aphis juglandicola Kalt.) and subsequent tests are here 
described. The toxicity of the dust is influenced by the form and 
amount of nicotine used and the nature of the filler. The dust acts 
as a fumigant. It should be as volatile as possible and give off the 
maximum amount in the minimum of time, or it should be less volatile 
and so act more slowly but for a longer time. The former is the better 
method, even though it loses its efficiency very soon. 
The characteristics of fillers are given, and kaolin proved to be 
the best one to absorb the nicotine and to make a suitable dust, pure 
nicotine and nicotine oleate were the best forms of nicotine for this 
purpose. Dry lime-sulphur, kerosene, and 40-percent nicotine sulphate 
form a very powerful dust. In liquid form 0.1 percent of nicotine is 
considered a strong mixture, and in dust, 10 percent. The hotter the 
weather the greater the effect produced by a given strength of dust. 
Promising results were obtained against 8 species of aphi&s, 
3 species of thrips, 2 species of leafhoppers, squash bug, false chinch 
bug, 7 species of caterpillars, and cucumber beetles. 
BEITTAIN, Tf. H. (2274) 
1919. AN INFESTATION OF APPLE SUCKER, PSYLLA MALI SCHMIDB., IN NOVA SCOT! 
Agr. Gaz. Canada 6 (9): 823-827, illus. 
