38 NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
Alaska. The western shores of Hudson Bay seem to be the eastern 
limit of the normal breeding ground In North America. A few birds 
have been seen in Labrador, north to Ungava Bay, on the west coast of 
Greenland, north to Fpernavik. and also in Newfoundland and the 
Maritime Provinces. But there are only a few breeding records east of 
the line from the western side of Hudson Bay to the western shore of 
Lake Michigan: examples are: St. George Island, James Bay; St. Clair 
Flats. Ontario, and the north shore of Lake Erie. Breeding abun- 
dantly along the northern border of the United States from Lake 
Superior nearly to the Pacific Ocean, the species decreases in numbers 
southward until it is rare or casual as a breeder in southern Wiscon- 
sin, northern Illinois (Will, Calumet Marsh, Grass Lake): southern 
Minnesota (Faribault, Waverly, Heron Lake); northern Iowa (Han- 
cock County); southern South Dakota (Vermilion, Scotland. Running 
Water), and northern Nebraska (Kennedy, Hay Lake); accidental near 
Kansas City. Mo.; abundant in Montana and rare in Wyoming (Lake 
Desmet), Colorado (Larimer County), and probably Arizona (Mormon 
Lake); common in British Columbia, and rare and local through 
Washington (Mabton) and Oregon (Rock Creek Sink) to southern 
California (Alamitos). The northern limit of the breeding range 
extends from the Arctic coast northwest of Hudson Bay west to 
Alaska and the Siberian coast. 
The pintail breeds in the northern portions of the Old World and 
migrates south in winter to northern Africa and southern Asia. A 
few have been taken in the Bermudas in the fall and winter. 
Winter range. — The pintail is common in winter on the coast of 
North Carolina, and is not uncommon coastwise as tar south as Flor- 
ida; many spend the winter in Cuba, a few pass to Jamaica, and there 
is one record of the species in Porto Rico; it is one of the common 
winter ducks from Mexico to Costa Rica, rare in Panama; a few win- 
ter as far north as Pennsylvania and New Jersey, while accidentals in 
winter have been recorded from Long Island and Lynn, Mass. Only 
a few winter in the Mississippi Valley north of southern Illinois, and 
thence the winter home extends through Texas, New Mexico, and 
Arizona to the Pacific coast, where it is abundant at this season as far 
north as southern British Columbia. The species winters casually in 
southern Ohio and southern Indiana, while of late years it has become 
a regular local winter resident in southern Wisconsin. 
Spring migration.- The pintail vies with the mallard in the easi- 
ness of its spring movements; these two, with the Canada, goose, are 
among the first of the waterfowl to wing their way northward. Even 
in February, while winter still holds sway, restless adventurers appear 
in much of the region, which, except in a few favored spots, forbids 
residence through the winter. The average date of arrival of these 
birds in central Indiana (fourteen years) is February 21; southern 
