MUSCOVY DUCK. 41 
Winter range. The southern range in winter has already been given; 
northward the species winters regularly to North Carolina, occasion- 
ally in Mary land and Pennsylvania; accidentally in New York and 
Massachusetts. In the interior it LS found at thifi BeaSOD as far north 
as southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and Kansas. On the Pacific 
coast a few winter near the northern limit of the summer range. 
Spring migration* This duck is one of those which migrate north 
moderately early, and in central New York the average date of it- 
arrival is March ^f> (earliest March 1<>, L898); eastern Massachusetts, 
March 24; Montreal, Canada. April ^4; central Iowa. March 20 (ear- 
liest March 7, L898); northern Ohio April 1 (earliest March 10, L887); 
Petersburg, Mich., March 15; southern Ontario, April IT (earliest 
April 1, L890); Ottawa, Ontario (average fifteen years), April 22 (ear- 
liest March 26, L898); Heron Lake, Minn., April 4 (earliest March 24, 
L890); Elk River, Minn., April 6 (earliest April 4, 1886); southern 
Manitoba, April 15 (earliest April 2, 1895.) 
Fall migration. — The southward migration amounts to no more than 
withdrawal from the northern half of the summer range. This occurs 
largely during October, and the average date when the last migrants 
arc 4 seen at Ottawa, Ontario (fourteen years), is October 27 (latest 
November 7, 1896); Montreal, November 1; southern Maine, October 
27 (latest November 2, 1896); southern Iowa, November 9 (latest 
November 21.) 
[Cairina moschata (Linn.). Muscovy Duck. 
In its domesticated form this duck is well known throughout the civilized world. 
Id its wild state it is an abundant inhabitant of Middle and South America from 
Tampico, Yucatan, Mazatlan, and the Rio Zacatula in Mexico to central Argentina. 
There is no certain record of its occurrence in the United States nor in the Wist 
Indies, although a supposed hybrid between the muscovy and the mallard was 
described from Jamaica under the name of Anas maocima, and similar birds have been 
taken several times along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Probably all 
these escaped from domestication.] 
Netta rufina (Pall.). Rufous-crested Duck. 
This is a European and Asiatic species, one specimen of which was 
found in 1S72 in the New York City market. 
Aythya americana (Eyt. ). Redhead. 
Breeding range. — The greater number of redheads summer in a 
rather restricted area in western central Canada, comprising western 
Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. The species breeds not rarely 
in the northern portions of Minnesota, North Dakota, and Montana. 
It is less common in southern Minnesota (Madison, Heron Lake). 
southern South Dakota (Harrison, Vermilion), Idaho (Lake Hoodoo), 
and on the Pacific slope locally from Lac la Harhe, British Columbia, 
