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Near Islands. It breeds accidentally or casually at Mount Vernon, 
V;i., lssi ; Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence; Toronto, ( Ontario; 
St. Clair Plats, Michigan; Clear Lake, Iowa: Minneapolis and Fergus 
Falls, Minn.; and (ireat Whale River, dames l>ay. 
The species also breeds in the aretie regions 6f the Old World, and 
winters south to southern Europe and central Asia. 
Winter range. This is one of the principal game birds of the 
Atlantic coast region from Massachusetts to Chesapeake Bay, and it 
is probably more common here during the winter than in any other 
part of its range. The winter range on the Atlantic coast of this and 
the next species is complementary. The present species is common 
from Chesapeake Bay northward, while most of the lesser scaups 
winter south of that district and are most common from North Caro- 
lina to Florida. A small proportion of the flocks of the greater scaup 
pass south to the Carolinas and a few continue on to Florida and the 
Bahamas. The records for the West Indies seem to belong to the 
lessor scaup and the same is probably true of the few records for 
Mexico and Central America. 
The species winters regularly on the New Jersey coast and usually 
on Long Island; its stay in Massachusetts is governed by winter con- 
ditions, and during mild winters like those of 1891-92, 1893-94, and 
1903-4, it is quite common along the southeastern coast. Occasionally 
some scaups winter even on the coast of Maine. It occurs throughout 
the Mississippi Valley in winter north to southern Wisconsin and 
Toronto, Ontario, though it is hardly more than a straggler in winter 
north of the Ohio River. 
The greater scaup ranges nearly to the southwestern boundary of 
the United States in southern Texas, southern New Mexico, central 
Arizona, and to San Diego, Cal. A few winter in southern Colorado, 
southern Utah, and more commonly in Nevada, and on the Pacific coast 
north to the Aleutian Islands. 
Spring migration, — Few birds have a more pronounced northwest 
and southeast migration than the greater scaup duck. Its center of 
abundance in winter is on the Atlantic coast between the meridians of 
74° and 76° longitude, but almost all of these Atlantic coast birds 
breed west of the meridian of 95 longitude, and their route in spring 
is along the general direction of the chain of lakes that stretches 
almost due northwestward from Lake Erie to Great Slave Lake. The 
two routes of migration south along the Mississippi River and south- 
west to the New England coast- are revealed still more clearly in the 
fall, when this species scarcely occurs in Indiana, though common 
both to the east and west of that State. In spring some of the Mocks 
move north along the coast, slightly beyond their winter home, to 
eastern Massachusetts, but so large a proportion of them turn inland 
that the species is rare to the northeastward of this State, straggling 
