•48 NORTH AMERICAN DI T CKS. GEESE, AND SWANS. 
were seen at Mitchells Bay. Ontario. June 6, L888; eggs at Rush 
Lake. Saskatchewan, May 28, L892; and eggs on the lower Anderson 
June 17. L865. 
Fall migration. The species remains on its breeding grounds until 
quite late in the fall, and in the United States rarely becomes numerous 
before the 1st of October. At Alexandria, Va., the average date of 
arrival (ten years) is October 12 (earliest. September 25, L 903) and the 
average date on which it becomes common is October 27. In YM^l the 
first arrival in northern Florida was seen November 18, and about 
this date it appears in the Bahamas and in southern Lower Cali- 
fornia. It is one of the last of the river ducks to leave the far north, 
and in 1903 was seen at latitude 64 c on the Mackenzie River until the 
middle of October. Average dates w 7 hen the last were seen are: Mon- 
treal, Canada, November 5 (latest, November 12, 1894); Ottawa. 
Ontario, November 11 (latest, November 21, 1892); southern Mani- 
toba, November 8; southern Minnesota, November 13; Keokuk, Iowa, 
December 2. 
Aythya collaris (Donov.). Ring-necked Duck. 
Breeding range. — The summer home of this species seems to com- 
prise two general areas separated by the Rocky Mountains. The 
greater number breed in the interior, from North Dakota and Minne- 
sota north to Athabasca Lake and east to the western side of Lake 
Winnipeg. It breeds rarely south to southern Minnesota (Minneapo- 
lis, Heron Lake), northern Iowa (Clear Lake), and to southern Wis- 
consin (Lake Koshkonong; Pewaukee Lake). Though eventually the 
species may be found breeding in Alberta, at present there seems to 
be no certain nesting record for the entire Rocky Mountain chain from 
New Mexico to Alberta. West of the Rockies the ring-necked duck 
seems to breed in small numbers from Fort Klamath, Oreg. . to south- 
ern British Columbia (Cariboo district). It is said to breed also on 
the Near Islands, Alaska. 
Winter range, — The Gulf coast, from Florida to Texas, is the prin- 
cipal winter home of the ring-necked duck, and here locally it is the 
most abundant duck at this season. It is common also in the Bahamas 
and Cuba, rare in Jamaica, and has been noted once in Porto Rico, and 
once in tin 4 Bermudas. On the mainland it is rare in California and 
Lower California, common in Mexico, and ranges to central Guate- 
mala. Northward it is common in the Carolinas, rare to Maryland and 
New Jersey, and thence westward to southern Illinois, northern Texas, 
New Mexico, and north on the Pacific coast to southern British 
Columbia. 
Spring migration, -Along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts 
northward to Newfoundland this species is a rare migrant, and is 
one of the later ducks to move. The average date of arrival at Erie, 
