50 NORTH A.MEBIOAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
mild winters, as that of 1888-89, it remains north to Prince Edward 
Island. It i^ common in winter all along the New England coast, and 
continues to be commoD to North Carolina, less common in South 
Carolina, and rare or accidental to the southward. All records for the 
West Indies seem to be erroneous. It was once seen at sea near the 
Bahamas, ha- been taken a few times in the Bermudas, and has been 
seen a few times in Florida; it is not rare at the mouth of the Missis- 
sippi River, but is quite rare in Texasand New Mexico. is recorded in 
Mexico (Mazatlan and northeastern Lower California), and is rare in 
southern California. In the interior it remains during the winter north 
to Iowa, Nebraska, and Utah, while on the Pacific coast it is found at 
this season north to the Aleutian Islands. 
Spring migration. — The spring records of this species are very 
irregular, as might be expected from its habit of wintering far north 
near large bodies of water. Observers on the coast of Maine report 
it as common all winter, while inland in southern Maine the first was 
not seen (average eight years) until April 5 (earliest March ^T, 1902); 
at Montreal, Canada (average nine 1 years), April 4 (earliest March 19, 
1894); North River, Prince Edward Island. April 8, and at Lake Mis- 
tassini, Quebec, May 3, 1885. At Ottawa, Ontario, it was one of the 
most irregular birds in its arrival. In twelve years out of eighteeen 
the first arrival was not noted until April, average April 12; for five 
years the first came in March, and in 1885 the first was seen February 
14. Other average dates of arrival are: Southern Ontario, April 5; 
northern Iowa, March 21; Heron Lake, Minn., March 25 (earliest 
March 14, 1889); northern North Dakota, April 20; southern Manitoba, 
April 21 (earliest March 29, 1902). The first golden-eves have been 
noted at (neat Falls, Mont, March 9-22; central Alberta. April T-1T; 
Osier. Saskatchewan. May 2, 1893; Fort Resolution, Mackenzie. May 
7, 1860, and Xulato, Alaska, May 3, L868. An unusually early bird 
was seen on April 28, 1904, at Fort Simpson, Mackenzie. Eggs have 
been taken at Devils Lake. X. Dak., May 25, L903; near Lake Atha- 
basca June 6, 1903; downy young at Heaburn, Manitoba, duly 4. 1893, 
and well-grown young June 23, 1894, near Ottawa, Ontario. 
Fall migration. The golden-eye is one of tin 1 late ducks to migrate 
southward, seldom appearing south of its breeding range before Octo- 
ber and usually not until the latter part of that month. A long series 
of excellent notes at Alexandria, Ya.. shows tin 4 average date of arrival 
to be October 26 (earliest, October 8, L901); on the average the spe- 
cie-did not become common until November 11. The average date of 
appearance at Woods Hole, Mass., is November 15 and at Keokuk, 
Iowa. November 21. The average date when the last w T ere -seen at 
Montreal, Canada, is November 7. 
