OLD-SQUAW. 
south shore of Lancaster Sound that i-. to about latitude 74 . On 
the western coast of Greenland it is common to about latitude 72 . A 
few pass much farther north to Melville bland; Wellington Channel, 
and along the whole western coast of Greenland and on Grinnell Land 
to at least latitude 82 . The old-squaw breeds south to the southeast- 
ern coast of Labrador, to Cape Fullerton on the weai Bide of Hudson 
Bay and probably to Cape Jones on the eastern coast Along the 
whole coast of the mainland from Hudson Bay to Alaska it breeds in 
enormous numbers, and is a common breeder on the Alaskan coast to 
the Aleutian and Near islands and on the Asiatic coast to the Comman- 
der Islands. The species breeds in the Arctic regions of the Old 
World and winters south to southern Europe and central Asia. 
Winter rangi . ^-Old-squaws are common south to Chesapeake Bay 
and not rare as far south as the coast of North Carolina. So abundant 
are they on the New England coast that near Newport, 11. L, in Feb- 
ruary, L899, a Hock was seen that was estimated to contain at least 
50,000. During the winter of 1887-88, a few were noted at Charles- 
ton, S. C, and during the severe winter of 1894-95, flocks were seen 
off the coast of South Carolina. There are two records for Florida — 
near Titusville and in Leon County. In mild winters old-squaws 
remain in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and some occur at this season in 
southern Greenland. They winter abundantly on the Great Lakes, 
and have been noted as casual visitors at St. Louis, Mo. , April 1. Novem- 
ber 20, and March 14; New Orleans, La., February 28, 1885, and Feb- 
ruary 13, 1899; Nebraska (Omaha, Neligh), Kansas (Patterson Lake, 
Chintz Mill), and Colorado (Fort Collins, Longmont, Denver). This 
species winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands south- 
ward; it is tolerably common to the coast of Washington, and not rare 
to northern California; it is casual in southern California as tar south 
as San Diego Bay. 
Spring migration: — The principal movements of old-squaws along 
the New England coast are in April, and this is the time also when the 
species migrates through western Pennsylvania and western New York. 
The first of those that have moved south reappear at Grand Ma nan, 
New Brunswick, on an average date of March 9, and at Godbout, Que- 
bec, April 22. North of its winter quarters it is one of the earliest 
ducks to arrive, and has been noted at Fort Simpson. Mackenzie, 62 . 
May 10, 1904; Winter Island, latitude 66°, May. .. 1*22: [gloolik, 
latitude 69°, May 21, 1S23; Boothia Felix, latitude 70°, June L2, L830, 
June 20, L831, about June 16, 1833, and not until after June 25, L832; 
Prince of Wales Strait, latitude 75 . May 31, L851; Mercy Bay, June 
13,1852; Winter Harbor, latitude 75°, June 22, L820; (ape Sabine, 
latitude 78°, June 1, 1884; Van Rensselaer Harbor, latitude 79 . June 
16,1854; Fort Conger, latitude 81°, June 17. L882, June »i. L883; 
Floeberg Beach, latitude 82 c 40', July 12, 1^7<'>. The last usually leave 
