54 NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
the eastern United States about the 1st of May (Erie, Pa., May L8, 
1900). The last were seen at Fort McMurray, Alberta. May L5, L901. 
On the Pacific coast, the first old-squaws were noted at Ohileat, 
Alaska. March 1 1. L882; off the mouth of the Yukon, stragglers usually 
arrive early in April as soon as' open water appears: the main migra- 
tion is several weeks later, and the first arrivals appear at Point Har- 
row late in May (May 18, L882; May 24, 1883; May 31, L898), The 
first reached the mouth of the Kowak River, Alaska. May 22, 1899. 
Eggs have been taken at St. Michael. May 18; on the Pribilof Islands, 
June 12; near the Kowak River the last of June: Fort Anderson, 
Mackenzie, June 7, 1864, June 1-1, 1865; northwestern Hudson Bay, 
June 27; Ungava Bay, Labrador, June 16. 
Fall migration, — Fall migration had already begun and large Hocks 
had passed south to Great Bear Lake in 1903 by August 28, and were 
still numerous there September 17. An unusually early migrant was 
seen near Erie, Pa., September 13, 1876. Early dates are September 
30, L895, on the coast of Massachusetts, and October S, 1885, on Long 
Island. The average date of arrival for six years on the coast of Mas- 
sachusetts is October 11, and for nine years on Long Island. October 16. 
The birds are most abundant the first half of November, after which 
month the larger number pass on to more southern waters. The last 
were seen near northern Greenland, latitude 82°, September 16, 1875. 
Most leave Point Barrow in early October, but a straggler was seen 
there December 9, 1882. They leave the coast of Alaska, off St. 
Michael, from the 15th to the 20th of October. 
Histrionicus histrionicus (Linn.). Harlequin Duck. 
Breeding range, — The harlequin breeds commonly in Newfoundland 
and on the whole west coast of Greenland south of Upernavik, lati- 
tude 72°, on the east coast north to Scoresby Sound, and in Iceland; 
also along the north coast of Labrador, at Ungava Bay, and Hudson 
Strait. There is no reason for doubting that its breeding range is 
continuous from northern Labrador west to the mouth of the Macken- 
zie River, though breeding records from this region are wanting. 
The species was noted by one of the parties of the Biological Survey 
August 20 and 24, 1903, a short distance south of MacTavish Hay, 
Great Bear Lake, in latitude 65 30', where it was probably breeding.. 
It has been taken also at Foil Rae, at Fort Simpson, and on Hear Lake- 
River. It is known to breed from the mouth of the Mackenzie west 
to Kotzebue Sound and to the Siberian coast . It occurs in. summer on 
most of the islands west of Alaska, south to the Shumagin Islands, 
and in the Aleutian chain west to the Near Islands and to the Com- 
mander Islands off the coast of Asia. Most, if not all, of these birds. 
however, are nonbreeders. It has been noted breeding at several 
Localities in the interior of Alaska, and breeds locally throughout the 
