60 NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
seems to be do record of the discovery of the oest in this region. 
Nbnbreeding birds arc known to occur far south of the breeding 
grounds. The species is unknown from the whole vast interior of 
North America, between Hudson Bay on the east and the Yukon Val- 
ley on the west, and south almost to the United States boundary; it 
ranges north to Ungava Bay. Hudson Strait, and Fort Churchill, 
Hudson Bay, and apparently does not breed south of Newfoundland. 
nor in Labrador south of about latitude 52 : so that it follows by 
exclusion that the multitudes of these ducks that winter from the Gulf 
of St. Lawrence south along the Atlantic coast must breed in northern 
Ungava. 
The American scoter is much more abundant on the Pacific coast, 
and breeds from the Aleutians and Near Island north to Kbtzebue 
Sound and northeastern Asia. 
Wintt r rangt . -The American scoter remains in winter around New- 
foundland, except when it is driven away by the drift ice; thence 
south it is not uncommon to Long Island Sound and the coast of New 
Jersey, less common to South Carolina, rare or accidental in Florida: it 
is not rare on the Great Lakes during the winter, and has been observed 
at various places inland in the neighboring States; rare or accidental 
at St. Louis, Mo.; Lake Catherine, Louisiana; Lincoln, Nebr. ; Fort 
Collins, Colo.; and Cheyenne. Wyo. The Pacific birds winter from 
the Aleutian Islands to the Santa Barbara Islands. California, and also 
to Japan on the Asiatic side. 
Spring migration. — Arrivals from the south appear in the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence from March 25 to the first week in April, and the breed- 
ing grounds are reached soon after the middle of May. Most of the 
birds disappear from the coast of Massachusetts the last week of 
April, but belated individuals have been seen at Cobb Island. Vir- 
ginia, May 10, 1891; Shelter Island, N. Y., June :>. L8£3; and Woods 
Hole, Mass., June 10, 1891. On the Pacific side the first arrivals were 
noted at St. Michael, Alaska. May 16, and in Kotzebue Sound June 3. 
A few linger on the Pacific coast of the Tinted States until early May. 
luill migration. — An American scoter was noted at Black River, 
Lewis County, N. Y., September l ; T, 1877; one at Ottawa. Ontario, 
September 21, L88T, and one at Woods Hole. Mass.. September t». 
L891, but the regular flight does not occur until early October, and 
at about the same time the first migrants are seen on the coast of 
Pugel Sound. The last ones Leave St. Michael, Alaska, from tin 1 loth 
to L5th of October. 
Oidemia fusca (Linn.). Velvet Scoter. 
This is an Asiatic and European species, an individual of which was 
taken in May, 1878, near Godthaab, on the western coast of Greenland. 
