WHITE-WJNGED 9< OTEB, 61 
Oidemia deglandi Bonap. White-winged Booter. 
Breeding range* This scoter breeds along the north shore of the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence and north t<> Nachvak Bay, Labrador, about 
latitude 59 ; in the interior it breeds in North Dakota (Devils Lake), 
Manitoba, Alberta, and north to Hudson Bay and the Arctic coast. 
On the Pacific coast it breeds from British Columbia (158-Mile House) 
north to Kotzebue Sound and the coast of northeastern Siberia, 
rarely to Point Harrow. It is not common anywhere in Alaska. 
Nonbreeders remain as far south in summer a^ the coast of ( Salifornia 
and arc not uncommon along the New England coast south to Rhode 
Island. 
Winter range. The Gulf of St. Lawrence and south along the 
Atlantic coast to South Carolina— accidental in Florida— constitutes 
the winter range. The species is especially common on the coast of 
Massachusetts and Long Island Sound. In the interior it extend- its 
range south regularly and commonly to the Great Lakes; less com- 
monly to the smaller bodies of water in the neighboring States; casually 
to Louisiana, Illinois (opposite St. Louis). Iowa (Lost Island Lake). 
Nebraska (Omaha, Lincoln), Colorado (Fort Collins, Loveland, Long- 
mont. Denver). It winters on the Pacific coast from Unalaska Island 
to San Quentin Bay, Louder California. 
Spring in'<<ir<iti<>,>. — Early northward movements on the New Eng- 
land coast begin late in March, and at about this time the first migrants 
appear in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; the principal flights occur from 
the middle of April to the first week in May. At Heron Lake, Minn., 
where the species does not winter, the first were noted April 6, 1888; 
March 21. L889; April 5. L890, and April 9, 1891; at Aweme, Mani- 
toba, April 27, 1 897; April 15, 1898, and April 22, 1899. In the Devils 
Lake region of North Dakota the earliest eggs are laid about the mid- 
dle of dune, and the first egg- were taken at Lake Manitoba in ls«.»4 
on June 20. These dates seem late, since eggs were taken near 
Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, June 22, L865, and downy young were 
found near Fort Yukon, Alaska, June 23, I860. 
Fall migration, — Unusually early arrivals have been noted on the 
Massachusetts coast by August 10; the average date when the first <>t' 
the regular Sight appeal- is September 0. and the greater flocks pass 
October 1< i 20; the first were seen near Baltimore. Md.. September 
L2, L894, and the same latitude in the interior seems to be reached a 
month later, as attested by the following dates of arrival: Heron Lake, 
Minn.. October 11, 1886; Lincoln. Nebr.. October 11. L899; Denver, 
Colo., October 16, 1890; Longmont, Colo., October 20, 1901; Love- 
land, Colo., October 11, 1903. On the coast of California migrants 
arrive the last of August. 
