GBEATEB SNOtf GOOSE. 67 
L851, and at Mercy Bay, latitude 71 . May 31, L862. The average 
rate of migration from central Montana April »>. to Mercy Bay, May 
31, is -'>'■> mile- per day. 
During spring migration there is mucb difference in (he length of 
time spent at different points <>f its route. In northern Texas the first 
appear March 4 and the last leave April »;. each being average dates; 
the extremes are February L8, l ss 7. and April L2, L896; in other 
words, the snow goose is usually thirty-three days in passing northern 
Texas, and may linger fifty-four days. At the northern boundary of 
the United States, these periods are reduced about one-third, while 
still farther north near Lake Athabasca the species was present in L901 
for at least fourteen days, in 1908 for fifteen days, and at Fort Simp- 
son in 1904 for twenty-three days. They arrive on the shore of Nor- 
ton Sound. Alaska, from May 5 to 15, and at Nulato, on the Yukon, 
about May 9. 
Fall migratiou. — Early migrants of the lesser snow goose were 
noted at Parry Bay, latitude 72°, August 13, 1821; at Point Barrow, 
latitude 70°, August 15, 1883; at Darnley Bay, latitude 69 . August 
17, L848; St. Michael, latitude 64°, September 2, 1878; Terry, Mont, 
latitude 47°, September 12, 1901; Stockton, Cal., latitude 38°, about 
September 21); central Texas, latitude 31°, about October 11. These 
dates indicate that the most northern breeders do not remain so long 
as ten weeks on the breeding grounds, and that they occupy fifty -eight 
days in ret facing the path that required sixty-eight days during the 
spring migration. 
The last seen on Banks Land were noted September 7, 1850; near Fort 
Norman, October 3, 1903; at mouth of the Yukon, about October 10; 
ten days later the last cross the boundary of the United States to the 
Mississippi watershed and desert central Nebraska about the first 
week in November. 
Chen hyperborea nivalis (Forst. ). Greater Snow Goose. 
Breeding range. — The greater snow goose is enormously abundant 
on both the eastern and the western shores of Hudson Bay during 
spring migration, and these birds might be supposed to pass from 
these points approximately north to their breeding grounds. If such 
is the case it is somewhat strange that they have never been found 
breeding on any of the northern islands; nor have they been noted in 
migration anywhere north, northeast, or east of Hudson Bay, except 
the few seen at Igloolik, a few noted by Kumlein in Cumberland Bay, 
some stragglers that have wandered to the west coast of Greenland, and 
thiee birds seen by Greeley's party June L2-13, 1882, in Grinnell 
Land, latitude 82°. As already stated in connection with the lesser 
snow goose, it is probable that these Hudson Bay geese eventually 
