NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
sota, dune U. Is7 ( .«: northern North Dakota. June 15, 1901: Manitoba, 
June 5, L894; Crane Lake. Saskatchewan, June 9, L894; Nevada. May 
29, l>»'« s . and incubated eggs in Los Angeles County, Cal., April 16l 
"Fall migration, — The firsl arrived at the southern end of Lower 
California September 27, L887; in northern New Mexico the species 
was abundant the last days of September, 1JM>4. The average date 
when the last left central Minnesota was November 14. 
Mareca penelope (Linn.). European Widgeon. 
This is an Old World species which has occurred as a straggler on 
the Atlantic coast in Florida, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, 
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Nova Scotia, New- 
foundland, and Greenland; in the interior it has been found in Illinois, 
Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin^ and Nebraska; on the Pacific 
coast in California, British Columbia, and Alaska. It is not known 
to breed anywhere in the Western Hemisphere. 
On the Atlantic coast the dates are almost entirely in the fall and 
winter, from October 20 (near Halifax, Mass.) to March 25 (Keuka 
Lake, New York) — there are only three records after February 5 — 
while in the interior its occurrence is as strictly confined to the spring-, 
from March 23 (English Lake, Ind.) to April 18 (Sandusky, Ohio). 
The records for Greenland fall between September 29 and December 
17; the California records are mostty in February, while those of 
British Columbia are from December 25 to February 9, and the two 
Alaska dates are October 12 and May 27. 
Mareca americana ((imcl.). Baldpate. American Widgeon. 
Breeding range. — A line drawn from the western shore of Hudson 
Bay to the western shore of Lake Michigan marks, approximately, the 
eastern boundary of the breeding range of this species, and in the 
eastern 200 miles of this district it is decidedly uncommon during 
the nesting season. There are a few records of the bird's breeding in 
Indiana (Hogback Lake, English Lake) and in Wisconsin (formerly 
at Koshkonong and Iloricon), but not until Minnesota is reached does 
this duck breed commonly. West of the Mississippi it breeds abun- 
dantly in North Dakota, a few in southern South Dakota, and rarely 
or casually in Nebraska and Kansas. It is a common breeder in Colo- 
rado. I'tah. and Nevada (Truckee Valley), and probably breeds rarely 
in A rizona (Mormon Lake), but as yet the species has not been recorded 
as nesting In California. The main breeding range is northwestern 
North America from Oregon and Minnesota north to the Mackenzie 
Valley and central Alaska. A line from Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay, 
to Franklin Bay is the approximate northeastern boundary of the 
range, thence west to Kotzelme Sound. If this line from Frank- 
lin Bay to Fort Churchill is continued to Chesapeake Bay, it marks 
the approximate eastern Limits at which the species is common in 
